S.I. No. 474/2000 - Extradition Act, 1965 (Application of Part II) Order, 2000.

To be made by the Government

WHEREAS by the European Convention on Extradition (the terms of which are set out in Part I of the First Schedule hereto), done at Paris on the 13th day of December, 1957 (referred to subsequently in these recitals as “the Paris Convention”), to which the State is a party, an arrangement was made with the other countries that are parties to that Convention for the surrender of persons wanted for prosecution or punishment for the offences specified in Article 2 thereof;

AND WHEREAS the Paris Convention was ratified on behalf of the State on the 12th day of July, 1988, subject to the reservation and declarations specified in Part II of the said First Schedule;

AND WHEREAS the Paris Convention has also been ratified or acceded to on behalf of the countries specified in that regard in the Table to the Tenth Schedule hereto subject to the reservations and declarations by certain of the countries concerned specified in Part III of the said First Schedule;

AND WHEREAS pursuant to Article 27.4 of the Paris Convention, the Government have made an arrangement (within the meaning of subsection (2) of section 8 of the Extradition Act, 1965 (No. 17 of 1965)) with the Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands by means of an exchange of letters dated the 27th day of July 1995, and the 4th day of December 2000 (the terms of which are set out in Part IV of the said First Schedule) extending that Convention to the places specified in the said Part IV;

AND WHEREAS by the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft (the terms of which are set out in Part I of the Second Schedule hereto), done at the Hague on the 16th day of December, 1970 (referred to subsequently in these recitals as “the Hague Convention”), to which the State is a party, an arrangement was made with the other countries that are parties to that Convention for the surrender of persons wanted for prosecution or punishment for the offences specified in Article 1 thereof;

AND WHEREAS the Hague Convention was ratified on behalf of the State on the 14th day of November, 1975;

AND WHEREAS the Hague Convention has also been ratified or acceded to on behalf of the countries specified in that regard in the said Table, subject, to the reservations and declarations by certain of the countries concerned specified in Part II of the said Second Schedule;

AND WHEREAS by the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation (the terms of which are set out in Part I of the Third Schedule hereto), done at Montreal on the 23rd day of September, 1971 (referred to subsequently in these recitals as “the Montreal Convention”), to which the State is a party, an arrangement was made with the other countries that are parties to that Convention for the surrender of persons wanted for prosecution or punishment for the offences specified in Article 1 thereof;

AND WHEREAS the Montreal Convention was acceded to on behalf of the State on the 12th day of October, 1976;

AND WHEREAS the Montreal Convention has also been ratified or acceded to on behalf of the countries specified in that regard in the said Table, subject to the reservations and declarations by certain of the countries concerned specified in Part II of the said Third Schedule;

AND WHEREAS by the Protocol, done at Montreal on the 24th day of February, 1988, for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts of Violence at Airports Serving International Civil Aviation, Supplementary to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation done at Montreal on the 23rd day of September, 1971 (referred to subsequently in these recitals as “the Montreal Protocol” and the terms of which are set out in Part I of the Fourth Schedule hereto), to which the State is a party, an arrangement (within the meaning of subsection (2) of section 8 of the Extradition Act, 1965 (No. 17 of 1965)) was made with the other countries that are parties to that Protocol whereby provisions supplementary to those of the Montreal Convention were adopted;

AND WHEREAS the Montreal Protocol was ratified on behalf of the State on the 26th day of July, 1991;

AND WHEREAS the Montreal Protocol has also been ratified or acceded to on behalf of the countries specified in that regard in the said Table, subject to the reservations and declarations by certain of the countries concerned specified in Part II of the said Fourth Schedule;

AND WHEREAS by the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material (the terms of which are set out in Part I of the Fifth Schedule hereto), opened for signature at Vienna and New York on the 3rd day of March, 1980 (referred to subsequently in these recitals as “the Nuclear Material Convention”), to which the State is a party, an arrangement was made with the other countries that are parties to that Convention for the surrender of persons wanted for prosecution or punishment for the offences specified in Article 7 thereof;

AND WHEREAS the Nuclear Material Convention was ratified on behalf of the State on the 6th day of September, 1991;

AND WHEREAS the Nuclear Material Convention has also been ratified or acceded to by the countries specified in that regard in the said Table, subject to the reservations and declarations by certain of the countries concerned specified in Part II of the said Fifth Schedule;

AND WHEREAS by the United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (the terms of which are set out in Part I of the Sixth Schedule hereto), concluded at Vienna on the 20th day of December, 1988 (referred to subsequently in these recitals as “the Drug Trafficking Convention”), to which the State is a party, an arrangement was made with the other countries that are parties to that Convention for the surrender of persons wanted for prosecution or punishment for the offences specified in Article 3 thereof;

AND WHEREAS the Drug Trafficking Convention was ratified on behalf of the State on the 3rd day of September, 1996;

AND WHEREAS the Drug Trafficking Convention has also been ratified or acceded to by the countries specified in that regard in the said Table, subject to the reservations and declarations by certain of the countries concerned specified in Part II of the said Sixth Schedule;

AND WHEREAS by the European Convention on the Suppression of Terrorism (the terms of which are set out in Part I of the Seventh Schedule hereto) done at Strasbourg on the 27th day of January, 1977 (referred to subsequently in these recitals as “the Anti-Terrorism Convention”), to which the State is a party, an arrangement (within the meaning of subsection (2) of section 8 of the Extradition Act, 1965 (No. 17 of 1965)) was made with the other countries that are parties to that Convention whereby certain offences would not, for the purposes of extradition, be treated as political offences;

AND WHEREAS the Anti-Terrorism Convention was ratified on behalf of the State on the 21st day of February, 1989;

AND WHEREAS the Anti-Terrorism Convention has also been ratified or acceded to by the countries specified in that regard in the said Table subject to the reservations and declarations by certain of the countries concerned specified in Part II of the said Seventh Schedule;

AND WHEREAS by the Treaty on Extradition between the State and Australia (the terms of which are set out in the Eighth Schedule hereto), done at Dublin on the 2nd day of September, 1985, (referred to subsequently in these recitals as “the Australian Treaty”), an arrangement was made with Australia for the surrender of persons wanted for prosecution or punishment for an offence specified in Article II thereof;

AND WHEREAS the terms of the Australian Treaty were approved by Dáil Éireann by resolution passed by it on the 29th day of June, 1988;

AND WHEREAS by notes exchanged at Canberra on the 27th day of February, 1989, the State and Australia have, in accordance with the Australian Treaty, notified each other that their respective requirements for the entry into force of the Australian Treaty have been complied with;

AND WHEREAS by the Treaty on Extradition between the State and the United States of America (the terms of which are set out in the Ninth Schedule hereto), signed at Washington on the 13th day of July, 1983 (hereinafter referred to as “the United States Treaty”), an arrangement was made with the United States of America for the surrender of persons wanted for prosecution or punishment for an offence specified in Article II thereof;

AND WHEREAS the terms of the United States Treaty were approved by Dáil Éireann on the 25th day of November, 1986;

AND WHEREAS the United States Treaty has been ratified on behalf of the State and of the United States of America and the instruments of ratification referred to therein were exchanged at Dublin on the 13th day of January, 1987;

AND WHEREAS it is intended accordingly to apply Part II of the Extradition Act, 1965 (No. 17 of 1965), to each of the countries (other than the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland) specified in the said Table and to make declarations pursuant to section 8(2) of the said Act in relation to the said arrangements with the Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the Anti-Terrorism Convention and the Protocol;

NOW the Government, in exercise of the powers conferred on them by section 8 of the Extradition Act, 1965 (No. 17 of 1965), hereby make the following order with respect to which, pursuant to section 4 of that Act (inserted by Section 7 of the Extradition (European Convention on the Suppression of Terrorism) Act, 1987 (No. 1 of 1987)), a draft has been laid before each House of the Oireachtas and a motion approving of the draft has been passed by each such House:

1. (1) This Order may be cited as the Extradition Act, 1965 (Application of Part II) Order, 2000.

(2) This Order shall come into operation on the 20th day of December 2000.

2. In this Order—

“the Act of 1965” means the Extradition Act, 1965 (No. 17 of 1965);

“the First Schedule” means the First Schedule to this Order; and

“the Table” means the Table to the Tenth Schedule to this Order.

3. Part II of the Act of 1965 shall apply in relation to the countries set out in the Table (other than the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland).

4. It is hereby declared that the Government have made an arrangement within the meaning of section 8(2) of the Act of 1965 (by an exchange of letters dated the 27th day of July 1995 and the 4th day of December 2000) amending the Paris Convention, in so far as it applies as between the State and the Kingdom of the Netherlands, by extending its application to those places specified in Part IV of the First Schedule.

5. It is hereby declared that the Government have made an arrangement, within the meaning of section 8(2) of the Act of 1965 (namely, the Protocol, done at Montreal on the 24th day of February, 1988, for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts of Violence at Airports Serving International Civil Aviation, Supplementary to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation, done at Montreal on the 23rd day of September, 1971) amending, as respects Ireland and the countries specified in that regard in the Table, the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation done at Montreal on the 12th day of September, 1971.

6. It is hereby declared that the Government have made an arrangement, within the meaning of section 8(2) of the Act of 1965 (namely, the European Convention on the Suppression of Terrorism, done at Strasbourg on the 27th day of January, 1977, and the reservations and declarations specified in Part II of the Seventh Schedule to this Order) whereby certain offences would not, for the purposes of extradition between the State and the other countries that are parties to that arrangement, be treated as political offences.

7. The following orders are hereby revoked, namely:

(a) the Extradition Act, 1965 (Part II) (No. 22) Order, 1987 ( S.I. No. 33 of 1987 );

(b) the Extradition Act, 1965 (Part II) (No. 23) Order, 1989 ( S.I. No. 9 of 1989 );

(d) the Extradition Act, 1965 (Part II) (No. 24) Order, 1989 ( S.I. No. 48 of 1989 ).

First Schedule: Part I

EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON EXTRADITION

Paris, 13.XII.1957

The governments signatory hereto, being members of the Council of Europe,

Considering that the aim of the Council of Europe is to achieve a greater unity between its members;

Considering that this purpose can be attained by the conclusion of agreements and by common action in legal matters;

Considering that the acceptance of uniform rules with regard to extradition is likely to assist this work of unification,

Have agreed as follows:

Article 1 — Obligation to extradite

The Contracting Parties undertake to surrender to each other, subject to the provisions and conditions laid down in this Convention, all persons against whom the competent authorities of the requesting Party are proceeding for an offence or who are wanted by the said authorities for the carrying out of a sentence or detention order.

Article 2 — Extraditable offences

1. Extradition shall be granted in respect of offences punishable under the laws of the requesting Party and of the requested Party by deprivation of liberty or under a detention order for a maximum period of at least one year or by a more severe penalty. Where a conviction and prison sentence have occurred or a detention order has been made in the territory of the requesting Party, the punishment awarded must have been for a period of at least four months.

2. If the request for extradition includes several separate offences each of which is punishable under the laws of the requesting Party and the requested Party by deprivation of liberty or under a detention order, but of which some do not fulfil the condition with regard to the amount of punishment which may be awarded, the requested Party shall also have the right to grant extradition for the latter offences.

3. Any Contracting Party whose law does not allow extradition for certain of the offences referred to in paragraph 1 of this article may, in so far as it is concerned, exclude such offences from the application of this Convention.

4. Any Contracting Party which wishes to avail itself of the right provided for in paragraph 3 of this article shall, at the time of deposit of its instrument of ratification or accession, transmit to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe either a list of the offences for which extradition is allowed or a list of those for which it is excluded and shall at the same time indicate the legal provisions which allow or exclude extradition. The Secretary General of the Council shall forward these lists to the other signatories.

5. If extradition is subsequently excluded in respect of other offences by the law of a Contracting Party, that Party shall notify the Secretary General. The Secretary General shall inform the other signatories. Such notification shall not take effect until three months from the date of its receipt by the Secretary General.

6. Any Party which avails itself of the right provided for in paragraphs 4 or 5 of this article may at any time apply this Convention to offences which have been excluded from it. It shall inform the Secretary General of the Council of such changes, and the Secretary General shall inform the other signatories.

7. Any Party may apply reciprocity in respect of any offences excluded from the application of the Convention under this article.

Article 3 — Political offences

1. Extradition shall not be granted if the offence in respect of which it is requested is regarded by the requested Party as a political offence or as an offence connected with a political offence.

2. The same rule shall apply if the requested Party has substantial grounds for believing that a request for extradition for an ordinary criminal offence has been made for the purpose of prosecuting or punishing a person on account of his race, religion, nationality or political opinion, or that that person's position may be prejudiced for any of these reasons.

3. The taking or attempted taking of the life of a Head of State or a member of his family shall not be deemed to be a political offence for the purposes of this Convention.

4. This article shall not affect any obligations which the Contracting Parties may have undertaken or may undertake under any other international convention of a multilateral character.

Article 4 — Military offences

Extradition for offences under military law which are not offences under ordinary criminal law is excluded from the application of this Convention.

Article 5 — Fiscal offences

Extradition shall be granted, in accordance with the provisions of this Convention, for offences in connection with taxes, duties, customs and exchange only if the Contracting Parties have so decided in respect of any such offence or category of offences.

Article 6 — Extradition of nationals

1. (a) A Contracting Party shall have the right to refuse extradition of its nationals.

(b) Each Contracting Party may, by a declaration made at the time of signature or of deposit of its instrument of ratification or accession, define as far as it is concerned the term “nationals” within the meaning of this Convention.

(c) Nationality shall be determined as at the time of the decision concerning extradition. If, however, the person claimed is first recognised as a national of the requested Party during the period between the time of the decision and the time contemplated for the surrender, the requested Party may avail itself of the provision contained in sub-paragraph a of this article.

2. If the requested Party does not extradite its national, it shall at the request of the requesting Party submit the case to its competent authorities in order that proceedings may be taken if they are considered appropriate. For this purpose, the files, information and exhibits relating to the offence shall be transmitted without charge by the means provided for in Article 12, paragraph 1. The requesting Party shall be informed of the result of its request.

Article 7 — Place of commission

1. The requested Party may refuse to extradite a person claimed for an offence which is regarded by its law as having been committed in whole or in part in its territory or in a place treated as its territory.

2. When the offence for which extradition is requested has been committed outside the territory of the requesting Party, extradition may only be refused if the law of the requested Party does not allow prosecution for the same category of offence when committed outside the latter Party's territory or does not allow extradition for the offence concerned.

Article 8 — Pending proceedings for the same offences

The requested Party may refuse to extradite the person claimed if the competent authorities of such Party are proceeding against him in respect of the offence or offences for which extradition is requested.

Article 9 — Non bis in idem

Extradition shall not be granted if final judgment has been passed by the competent authorities of the requested Party upon the person claimed in respect of the offence or offences for which extradition is requested. Extradition may be refused if the competent authorities of the requested Party have decided either not to institute or to terminate proceedings in respect of the same offence or offences.

Article 10 — Lapse of time

Extradition shall not be granted when the person claimed has, according to the law of either the requesting or the requested Party, become immune by reason of lapse of time from prosecution or punishment.

Article 11 — Capital punishment

If the offence for which extradition is requested is punishable by death under the law of the requesting Party, and if in respect of such offence the death-penalty is not provided for by the law of the requested Party or is not normally carried out, extradition may be refused unless the requesting Party gives such assurance as the requested Party considers sufficient that the death-penalty will not be carried out.

Article 12 — The request and supporting documents

1. The request shall be in writing and shall be communicated through the diplomatic channel. Other means of communication may be arranged by direct agreement between two or more Parties.

2. The request shall be supported by:

a. the original or an authenticated copy of the conviction and sentence or detention order immediately enforceable or of the warrant of arrest or other order having the same effect and issued in accordance with the procedure laid down in the law of the requesting Party;

b. a statement of the offences for which extradition is requested. The time and place of their commission, their legal descriptions and a reference to the relevant legal provisions shall be set out as accurately as possible; and

c. a copy of the relevant enactments or, where this is not possible, a statement of the relevant law and as accurate a description as possible of the person claimed, together with any other information which will help to establish his identity and nationality.

Article 13 — Supplementary information

If the information communicated by the requesting Party is found to be insufficient to allow the requested Party to make a decision in pursuance of this Convention, the latter Party shall request the necessary supplementary information and may fix a time-limit for the receipt thereof.

Article 14 — Rule of speciality

1. A person who has been extradited shall not be proceeded against, sentenced or detained with a view to the carrying out of a sentence or detention order for any offence committed prior to his surrender other than that for which he was extradited, nor shall he be for any other reason restricted in his personal freedom, except in the following cases:

a. when the Party which surrendered him consents. A request for consent shall be submitted, accompanied by the documents mentioned in Article 12 and a legal record of any statement made by the extradited person in respect of the offence concerned. Consent shall be given when the offence for which it is requested is itself subject to extradition in accordance with the provisions of this Convention;

b. when that person, having had an opportunity to leave the territory of the Party to which he has been surrendered, has not done so within 45 days of his final discharge, or has returned to that territory after leaving it.

2. The requesting Party may, however, take any measures necessary to remove the person from its territory, or any measures necessary under its law, including proceedings by default, to prevent any legal effects of lapse of time.

3. When the description of the offence charged is altered in the course of proceedings, the extradited person shall only be proceeded against or sentenced in so far as the offence under its new description is shown by its constituent elements to be an offence which would allow extradition.

Article 15 — Re-extradition to a third state

Except as provided for in Article 14, paragraph 1.b, the requesting Party shall not, without the consent of the requested Party, surrender to another Party or to a third State a person surrendered to the requesting Party and sought by the said other Party or third State in respect of offences committed before his surrender. The requested Party may request the production of the documents mentioned in Article 12, paragraph 2.

Article 16 — Provisional arrest

1. In case of urgency the competent authorities of the requesting Party may request the provisional arrest of the person sought. The competent authorities of the requested Party shall decide the matter in accordance with its law.

2. The request for provisional arrest shall state that one of the documents mentioned in Article 12, paragraph 2.a, exists and that it is intended to send a request for extradition. It shall also state for what offence extradition will be requested and when and where such offence was committed and shall so far as possible give a description of the person sought.

3. A request for provisional arrest shall be sent to the competent authorities of the requested Party either through the diplomatic channel or direct by post or telegraph or through the International Criminal Police Organisation (Interpol) or by any other means affording evidence in writing or accepted by the requested Party. The requesting authority shall be informed without delay of the result of its request.

4. Provisional arrest may be terminated if, within a period of 18 days after arrest, the requested Party has not received the request for extradition and the documents mentioned in Article 12. It shall not, in any event, exceed 40 days from the date of such arrest. The possibility of provisional release at any time is not excluded, but the requested Party shall take any measures which it considers necessary to prevent the escape of the person sought.

5. Release shall not prejudice re-arrest and extradition if a request for extradition is received subsequently.

Article 17 — Conflicting requests

If extradition is requested concurrently by more than one State, either for the same offence or for different offences, the requested Party shall make its decision having regard to all the circumstances and especially the relative seriousness and place of commission of the offences, the respective dates of the requests, the nationality of the person claimed and the possibility of subsequent extradition to another State.

Article 18 — Surrender of the person to be extradited

1. The requested Party shall inform the requesting Party by the means mentioned in Article 12, paragraph 1, of its decision with regard to the extradition.

2. Reasons shall be given for any complete or partial rejection.

3. If the request is agreed to, the requesting Party shall be informed of the place and date of surrender and of the length of time for which the person claimed was detained with a view to surrender.

4. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 5 of this article, if the person claimed has not been taken over on the appointed date, he may be released after the expiry of 15 days and shall in any case be released after the expiry of 30 days. The requested Party may refuse to extradite him for the same offence.

5. If circumstances beyond its control prevent a Party from surrendering or taking over the person to be extradited, it shall notify the other Party. The two Parties shall agree a new date for surrender and the provisions of paragraph 4 of this article shall apply.

Article 19 — Postponed or conditional surrender

1. The requested Party may, after making its decision on the request for extradition, postpone the surrender of the person claimed in order that he may be proceeded against by that Party or, if he has already been convicted, in order that he may serve his sentence in the territory of that Party for an offence other than that for which extradition is requested.

2. The requested Party may, instead of postponing surrender, temporarily surrender the person claimed to the requesting Party in accordance with conditions to be determined by mutual agreement between the Parties.

Article 20 — Handing over of property

1. The requested Party shall, in so far as its law permits and at the request of the requesting Party, seize and hand over property:

a. which may be required as evidence, or

b. which has been acquired as a result of the offence and which, at the time of the arrest, is found in the possession of the person claimed or is discovered subsequently.

2. The property mentioned in paragraph 1 of this article shall be handed over even if extradition, having been agreed to, cannot be carried out owing to the death or escape of the person claimed.

3. When the said property is liable to seizure or confiscation in the territory of the requested Party, the latter may, in connection with pending criminal proceedings, temporarily retain it or hand it over on condition that it is returned.

4. Any rights which the requested Party or third parties may have acquired in the said property shall be preserved. Where these rights exist, the property shall be returned without charge to the requested Party as soon as possible after the trial.

Article 21 — Transit

1. Transit through the territory of one of the Contracting Parties shall be granted on submission of a request by the means mentioned in Article 12, paragraph 1, provided that the offence concerned is not considered by the Party requested to grant transit as an offence of a political or purely military character having regard to Articles 3 and 4 of this Convention.

2. Transit of a national, within the meaning of Article 6, of a country requested to grant transit may be refused.

3. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 4 of this article, it shall be necessary to produce the documents mentioned in Article 12, paragraph 2.

4. If air transport is used, the following provisions shall apply:

a. when it is not intended to land, the requesting Party shall notify the Party over whose territory the flight is to be made and shall certify that one of the documents mentioned in Article 12, paragraph 2.a exists. In the case of an unscheduled landing, such notification shall have the effect of a request for provisional arrest as provided for in Article 16, and the requesting Party shall submit a formal request for transit;

b. when it is intended to land, the requesting Party shall submit a formal request for transit.

5. A Party may, however, at the time of signature or of the deposit of its instrument of ratification of, or accession to, this Convention, declare that it will only grant transit of a person on some or all of the conditions on which it grants extradition. In that event, reciprocity may be applied.

6. The transit of the extradited person shall not be carried out through any territory where there is reason to believe that his life or his freedom may be threatened by reason of his race, religion, nationality or political opinion.

Article 22 — Procedure

Except where this Convention otherwise provides, the procedure with regard to extradition and provisional arrest shall be governed solely by the law of the requested Party.

Article 23 — Language to be used

The documents to be produced shall be in the language of the requesting or requested Party. The requested Party may require a translation into one of the official languages of the Council of Europe to be chosen by it.

Article 24 — Expenses

1. Expenses incurred in the territory of the requested Party by reason of extradition shall be borne by that Party.

2. Expenses incurred by reason of transit through the territory of a Party requested to grant transit shall be borne by the requesting Party.

3. In the event of extradition from a non-metropolitan territory of the requested Party, the expenses occasioned by travel between that territory and the metropolitan territory of the requesting Party shall be borne by the latter. The same rule shall apply to expenses occasioned by travel between the non-metropolitan territory of the requested Party and its metropolitan territory.

Article 25 — Definition of “detention order”

For the purposes of this Convention, the expression “detention order” means any order involving deprivation of liberty which has been made by a criminal court in addition to or instead of a prison sentence.

Article 26 — Reservations

1. Any Contracting Party may, when signing this Convention or when depositing its instrument of ratification or accession, make a reservation in respect of any provision or provisions of the Convention.

2. Any Contracting Party which has made a reservation shall withdraw it as soon as circumstances permit. Such withdrawal shall be made by notification to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe.

3. A Contracting Party which has made a reservation in respect of a provision of the Convention may not claim application of the said provision by another Party save in so far as it has itself accepted the provision.

Article 27 — Territorial application

1. This Convention shall apply to the metropolitan territories of the Contracting Parties.

2. In respect of France, it shall also apply to Algeria and to the overseas Departments and, in respect of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, to the Channel Islands and to the Isle of Man.

3. The Federal Republic of Germany may extend the application of this Convention to the Land of Berlin by notice addressed to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe, who shall notify the other Parties of such declaration.

4. By direct arrangement between two or more Contracting Parties, the application of this Convention may be extended, subject to the conditions laid down in the arrangement, to any territory of such Parties, other than the territories mentioned in paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 of this article, for whose international relations any such Party is responsible.

Article 28 — Relations between this Convention and bilateral Agreements

1. This Convention shall, in respect of those countries to which it applies, supersede the provisions of any bilateral treaties, conventions or agreements governing extradition between any two Contracting Parties.

2. The Contracting Parties may conclude between themselves bilateral or multilateral agreements only in order to supplement the provisions of this Convention or to facilitate the application of the principles contained therein.

3. Where, as between two or more Contracting Parties, extradition takes place on the basis of a uniform law, the Parties shall be free to regulate their mutual relations in respect of extradition exclusively in accordance with such a system notwithstanding the provisions of this Convention. The same principle shall apply as between two or more Contracting Parties each of which has in force a law providing for the execution in its territory of warrants of arrest issued in the territory of the other Party or Parties. Contracting Parties which exclude or may in the future exclude the application of this Convention as between themselves in accordance with this paragraph shall notify the Secretary General of the Council of Europe accordingly. The Secretary General shall inform the other Contracting Parties of any notification received in accordance with this paragraph.

Article 29 — Signature, ratification and entry into force

1. This Convention shall be open to signature by the members of the Council of Europe. It shall be ratified. The instruments of ratification shall be deposited with the Secretary General of the Council.

2. The Convention shall come into force 90 days after the date of deposit of the third instrument of ratification.

3. As regards any signatory ratifying subsequently the Convention shall come into force 90 days after the date of the deposit of its instrument of ratification.

Article 30 — Accession

1. The Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe may invite any State not a member of the Council to accede to this Convention, provided that the resolution containing such invitation receives the unanimous agreement of the members of the Council who have ratified the Convention.

2. Accession shall be by deposit with the Secretary General of the Council of an instrument of accession, which shall take effect 90 days after the date of its deposit.

Article 31 — Denunciation

Any Contracting Party may denounce this Convention in so far as it is concerned by giving notice to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe. Denunciation shall take effect six months after the date when the Secretary General of the Council received such notification.

Article 32 — Notifications

The Secretary General of the Council of Europe shall notify the members of the Council and the government of any State which has acceded to this Convention of:

a. the deposit of any instrument of ratification or accession;

b. the date of entry into force of this Convention;

c. any declaration made in accordance with the provisions of Article 6, paragraph 1, and of Article 21, paragraph 5;

d. any reservation made in accordance with Article 26, paragraph 1;

e. the withdrawal of any reservation in accordance with Article 26, paragraph 2;

f. any notification of denunciation received in accordance with the provisions of Article 31 and by the date on which such denunciation will take effect.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned, being duly authorised thereto, have signed this Convention.

DONE at Paris, this 13th day of December 1957, in English and French, both texts being equally authentic, in a single copy which shall remain deposited in the archives of the Council of Europe. The Secretary General of the Council of Europe shall transmit certified copies to the signatory governments.

First Schedule: Part II

Reservations and declarations made by the State to the EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON EXTRADITION

Declaration contained in a letter from the Ministry of External Affairs of Ireland, dated 2 May 1966, handed to the Secretary General made at the time of signature and deposit of the instrument of ratification, on the same day:

I have the honour to declare, in accordance with Article 6 of the Convention, that the term “national” in the Convention is hereby defined as meaning “citizens of Ireland” as far as my Government is concerned.

Reservation contained in the instrument of ratification, deposited on 2 May 1966:

The Irish authorities will not grant extradition if final judgment in respect of the offence for which extradition is requested has been passed in a third State on the person claimed.

Declaration made at the time of confirmation of ratification, on 12 July 1988:

A decision of the Irish Supreme Court has made it impossible for Ireland to comply with its international obligations under the European Convention on Extradition.

The Court ruled that Ireland was not bound by its ratification of a similar extradition Treaty as the approval of Dáil Éireann of the terms of that Treaty had not been obtained prior to ratification as is required by the Constitution of Ireland. The said Supreme Court decision serves as a binding precedent in all future extradition cases.

The same circumstance applies in the case of the European Convention on Extradition. Dáil approval of the terms thereof was not obtained prior to ratification of the said Convention on behalf of the Government of Ireland in 1966. Consequently, in the event of a court challenge, Ireland's ratification in 1966 is likely to be declared invalid under domestic law.

In order to rectify this position, Dáil Éireann approved the terms of the European Convention on Extradition on 29 June 1988. It is now necessary, for the purposes of domestic requirements, for the Government of Ireland to confirm the earlier ratification by way of deposit of a new instrument of ratification.

Declaration transmitted by letter from the Permanent Representative, dated 13 May 1991, registered at the Secretariat General on the same day:

The Government of Ireland, in accordance with Article 28, paragraph 3, of the European Convention on Extradition, 1957, hereby notify the Secretary General of the Council of Europe that the relations of the Government of Ireland with the Government of the United Kingdom in respect of Extradition will continue to be regulated exclusively on the basis of laws in force in their respective territories providing for the execution in the territory of either party of warrants of arrest issued in the territory of the other party.

First Schedule: Part III

List of reservations and declarations made by other Contracting Parties with respect to the EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON EXTRADITION

Albania:

Declaration contained in the instrument of ratification deposited on 19 May 1998:

Relating to paragraph 1 of Article 2 of the Convention, the Albanian Party has no minimum limits for the term of imprisonment for the effect of extradition. The Albanian Party considers this declaration as valid only in conditions of reciprocity.

This declaration is valid only in conditions of reciprocity.

Declaration contained in the instrument of ratification deposited on 19 May 1998:

Relating to paragraph 1, sub-paragraph a, of Article 6, the Albanian Party refuses the extradition of its nationals, unless otherwise provided in the international agreements to which Albania is a Contracting Party.

Declaration contained in the instrument of ratification deposited on 19 May 1998:

Relating to paragraph 1, sub-paragraph b, of Article 6, the Albanian Party includes in the term “nationals” the persons with double nationality, in case either of them is Albanian.

Reservation contained in the instrument of ratification deposited on 19 May 1998:

Relating to paragraph 1 of Article 7, the Albanian Party does not allow the extradition of the persons who have committed offences either in the Albanian territory or outside it, when the offence has injured the interests of the State or of the nationals, unless it is otherwise agreed with the interested Party.

This declaration is valid only in conditions of reciprocity.

Declaration contained in the instrument of ratification deposited on 19 May 1998:

Relating to paragraph 2 of Article 19, the Albanian Party declares that when a person asked to be surrendered is serving a sentence for another offence, he or she, in the event of extradition, shall be permitted to serve the full sentence in the requesting country.

This declaration is valid only in conditions of reciprocity.

Declaration contained in the instrument of ratification deposited on 19 May 1998:

Relating to paragraph 4, sub-paragraph a, of Article 21, the Albanian Party declares that prior notification is not necessary in cases of transit by air that does not schedule a landing in Albanian territory.

Reservation contained in the instrument of ratification deposited on 19 May 1998:

Relating to paragraph 2 of Article 12, the Albanian Party presents the reservation that the request for extradition must be accompanied always by the original text, or authenticated copy of the applied law.

Andorra:

Declaration contained in the instrument of ratification deposited on 13 October 2000:

Article 14, paragraph 1, of the Law “qualificada” on Extradition prohibits the extradition of persons having the Andorran nationality. For the purposes of this Convention, the term “national” means any person having the Andorran nationality at the time of the commission of the facts in accordance with the provisions of the Law “qualificada” on Andorran nationality.

Declaration contained in the instrument of ratification deposited on 13 October 2000:

Article 8, paragraph 3, of the Constitution of the Principality of Andorra prohibits the death penalty. When the offence for which the extradition is requested may be punishable by death under the law of the requesting Party, the Principality of Andorra shall refuse extradition, unless the requesting Party gives such assurance as considered sufficient by the requested Party that the death penalty will not be executed.

Declaration contained in the instrument of ratification deposited on 13 October 2000:

In the case of a request for provisional arrest, the Principality of Andorra shall require, as complementary information, a short statement of the facts alleged against the person sought.

Declaration contained in the instrument of ratification deposited on 13 October 2000:

The Principality of Andorra will only grant transit when all the conditions required for the granting of extradition are fulfilled in accordance with this Convention.

Declaration contained in the instrument of ratification deposited on 13 October 2000:

The Principality of Andorra will require the requesting Party to supply a translation of the request for extradition and all accompanying documents into Catalan, Spanish or French.

Reservation contained in the instrument of ratification deposited on 13 October 2000:

The Constitution of the Principality of Andorra prohibits special courts in its Article 85, paragraph 2. Extradition shall therefore not be granted in cases if the person sought would be tried in the requesting State by a special court or if extradition is requested for the enforcement of a sentence or detention order imposed by such a court.

In the same way, and pursuant to Article 14, paragraphs 12, 13, 14 and 15 of the Law “qualificada” of the Principality of Andorra [Law which, to be passed, requires a higher majority than other laws], extradition shall not be granted:

a. when the sentence is based on a manifest error;

b. when extradition is likely to have consequences of an exceptional gravity for the person sought, particularly by reason of his or her age or state of health;

c. when the person sought would be tried in the requesting State by a tribunal which does not assure the fundamental procedural guarantees and the protection of the rights of the defence or by a tribunal created for that person's particular case, as the only person concerned or not.

Reservation contained in the instrument of ratification deposited on 13 October 2000:

The Principality of Andorra reserves itself the right to require the requesting Party to produce evidence establishing a sufficient presumption that the offence was committed by the person whose extradition is requested. Should such evidence be deemed insufficient, extradition may be refused.

Austria:

Declaration contained in the instrument of ratification, deposited on 21 May 1969:

Austria will grant extradition also under the conditions mentioned in Article 2, paragraph 2.

Declaration contained in the instrument of ratification, deposited on 21 May 1969:

Austria will regard the time of surrender of the person claimed as decisive for the determination of nationality.

Declaration contained in the instrument of ratification, deposited on 21 May 1969:

Austria will only grant extradition of a person for an offence which, according to Austrian law, is under Austrian jurisdiction, in so far as that person will be extradited for another offence and as the condemnation of that person by the judicial authorities of the requesting State for all offences is in the interest of ascertaining the truth or useful by reason of fixing of the penalty and execution of the sentence.

Declaration contained in the instrument of ratification, deposited on 21 May 1969:

Austria will grant extradition if the person claimed was acquitted only for lack of Austrian jurisdiction, or if, only for this reason, criminal proceedings against this person have not been instituted or if instituted criminal proceedings were terminated.

Declaration contained in the instrument of ratification, deposited on 21 May 1969:

In case of a request for provisional arrest Austria also requires a short statement of the facts the person claimed is charged with.

Declaration contained in the instrument of ratification, deposited on 21 May 1969:

In any case Austria will refuse transit of Austrian nationals.

Declaration contained in the instrument of ratification, deposited on 21 May 1969:

Austria will also refuse transit because of fiscal offences in the sense of Article 5 and because of the offences mentioned in the reservation to Article 5. Transit for offences punishable, under the law of the requesting Party, by death or by a sentence incompatible with the requirements of humanity and human dignity, will be granted under the conditions governing the extradition for such offences.

Declaration contained in a letter from the Permanent Representative of Austria, dated 16 April 1985, registered at the Secretariat General on 17 April 1985:

The declaration submitted by the Republic of Austria with regard to Article 21(5) of the European Convention on Extradition of 13 December 1957, is herewith restricted to the extent that the first sentence is to be deleted.

By consequence of this restriction, this declaration shall read henceforth as follows:

“Transit for offences punishable, under the law of the requesting Party, by death or by a sentence incompatible with the requirements of humanity and human dignity, will be granted under the conditions governing the extradition for such offences.”

Reservation contained in the instrument of ratification, deposited on 21 May 1969:

Austria will not grant extradition if the person claimed is to be brought before a special court or if the extradition should lead to the execution of a sentence or a detention order inflicted by such a court.

Reservation contained in the instrument of ratification, deposited on 21 May 1969:

Austria will further grant extradition for offences which are exclusively contraventions against regulations concerning monopolies or the export, import, transit and rationing of goods only under the conditions mentioned in Article 5.

Reservation contained in the instrument of ratification, deposited on 21 May 1969:

Austria will refuse extradition requested in order to carry out death-penalty. Extradition for an offence punishable by the death under the law of the requesting Party will only be granted if the requesting State accepts the condition that a death-penalty will not be pronounced. Austria will apply the same principles in the case of sentences which are incompatible with the requirements of humanity and human dignity.

Declaration contained in a letter from the Permanent Representative dated 4 June 1991, registered at the Secretariat General on 7 June 1991:

With reference to your circular No.JJ2356C Tr./24-4 of 16 February 1990 concerning the declarations and reservations made by Portugal [Note from the Secretariat: letter from the Permanent Representative of Portugal dated 12 February 1991] in respect of the European Convention on Extradition and with reference to the declaration by the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany dated 4 February 1991, I have the honour to inform you that my Government shares the German interpretation of the matter.

Article 11 of the European Convention on Extradition provides for the possibility of refusing extradition in cases in which the offence for which extradition is requested is punishable by death under the law of the requesting party. However, the Convention does not contain a similar provision for sentences of life imprisonment.

The application of the European Convention on Extradition in respect of Portugal without the interpretation proposed by the German Government would result in a situation where extradition for a crime punishable by life imprisonment would have to be refused.

This is not compatible with the meaning and purpose of the Convention. The result of such an application would be the regular refusal of extradition for serious crimes and the authorisation of extradition for relatively minor crimes. This would be contrary to the purpose of the Convention, namely to achieve co-operation between the Contracting Parties to take international action against crime.

Declaration contained in a letter from the Permanent Representation of Austria to the Council of Europe, dated 7 January 1994, registered at the Secretariat General on 11 January 1994:

Concerning the declarations and reservations formulated by Poland with regard to the European Convention on Extradition, the Austrian Government shares the interpretation contained in the declaration of the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany, dated 11 October 1993.

The Government of Austria declares that Poland's declaration concerning Article 6, paragraph 1(b) of the European Convention on Extradition is interpreted by Austria in the same way, as meaning that persons who have been granted asylum in Poland will be placed on an equal footing with Polish nationals only in the event of a request for extradition by the persecuting State and that, in that case, such persons will not be extradited.

The declaration by Poland concerning Article 6, paragraph 1(b) is compatible with the aim and purpose of the Convention only if the extradition to a third state of persons granted asylum in Poland is not refused solely on the grounds that those persons are treated as Polish nationals.

Declaration contained in a letter from the Permanent Representative of Austria, dated 3 December 1997, registered at the Secretariat on 5 December 1997:

The Government of Austria declares that Romania's declaration concerning Article 6, paragraph 1(a) and (b) and Article 21, paragraph 5, of the Convention is interpreted by Austria in the way that persons who have been granted asylum in Romania will be placed on an equal footing with Romanian nationals only in the event of a request for extradition or transit through Romania's territory by the persecuting State and that, in that case, such persons will neither be extradited nor transited through Romania.

The declaration by Romania concerning Article 6, paragraph 1(a) and (b) and Article 21, paragraph 5, is compatible with the aim and purpose of the Convention only if the extradition or transit through Romania's territory to a third State of persons granted asylum in Romania is not refused solely on the grounds that those persons are treated as Romanian nationals.

Belgium:

Declaration contained in a letter from the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Belgium, dated 3 June 1997, handed to the Secretary General at the time of deposit of the instrument of ratification, on 29 August 1997:

The Belgian Government considers that the reservation made by Portugal regarding Article 1, item c, is not compatible with the object of the Convention. It takes the reservation to mean that extradition shall not be granted only if, in accordance with the legislation of the requesting State, the person sentenced to life imprisonment cannot be released after a certain time, following a legal or administrative procedure.

Belgium considers that the rule of speciality is not applicable when the person claimed by Belgium has given, before the judicial authority of the requested State, his or her explicit consent to be prosecuted and punished on whatever count if this possibility is provided for in the legislation of the latter State. If, on the other hand, the extradition is requested from Belgium, it considers that, when the person to claimed has formally renounced to the formalities and guarantees of extradition, the rule of speciality shall no longer apply.

Belgium considers that the exception provided for by Article 15 is extended, in the event that the person surrendered to Belgium has renounced to the speciality of extradition according to the legislation of the requested Party.

The Belgian Government will allow transit through its territory on the same conditions on which extradition is granted.

If the request for extradition and the documents to be produced are in the language of the requesting Party and this language is neither Dutch, French, nor German, they must be accompanied by a translation into French.

Reservation contained in a letter from the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Belgium, dated 3 June 1997, handed to the Secretary General at the time of deposit of the instrument of ratification, on 29 August 1997:

Belgium reserves the right not to grant extradition if the person claimed could be brought before a court of special jurisdiction, or if the extradition is requested for the execution of a sentence rendered by such a court.

Extradition will not be granted when the surrender might have consequences of an exceptional gravity for the person claimed, in particular on account of his or her age or health.

The obligation to release after the expiry of 30 days provided for by Article 18, paragraph 4, will not be applicable in the event that the person claimed has introduced an appeal against the decision to extradite or concerning the legality of the detention.

The Government of the Kingdom of Belgium will grant the temporary surrender provided for by Article 19, paragraph 2, only if it concerns a person who serves a sentence on its territory and if particular circumstances require it.

By reason of the special arrangements between the Benelux countries, the Belgian Government does not accept Article 28, paragraphs 1 and 2, in respect of its relations with the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.

The Belgian Government reserves the right to derogate from these provisions in respect of its relations with the other member States of the European Community.

Bulgaria:

Reservation made at the time of signature, on 30 September 1993, and confirmed at the time of deposit of the instrument of ratification, on 17 June 1994:

Extradition may be refused if the person proceeded against is to be tried by a special court in the requesting state or if a sentence delivered by such a court will be executed against that person.

Reservation made at the time of signature, on 30 September 1993, and confirmed at the time of deposit of the instrument of ratification, on 17 June 1994:

Extradition for military offences which are also offences under ordinary law may be granted solely on condition that the person extradited will not be tried by a military court or accused of a military offence.

Declaration made at the time of signature, on 30 September 1993, and confirmed at the time of deposit of the instrument of ratification, on 17 June 1994:

The Republic of Bulgaria declares that it will recognise as a national for the purposes of the convention any person having Bulgarian nationality at the time of the extradition order.

Reservation made at the time of signature, on 30 September 1993, and confirmed at the time of deposit of the instrument of ratification, on 17 June 1994:

The Republic of Bulgaria declares its right to refuse extradition if the requesting party refuses extradition in similar cases, in accordance with Article 7, paragraph 2.

Reservation made at the time of signature, on 30 September 1993, and confirmed at the time of deposit of the instrument of ratification, on 17 June 1994:

The Republic of Bulgaria declares its right to require that the requesting party submit evidence that the offence was committed by the person whose extradition is requested. If it considers the evidence submitted to be inadequate, it may refuse extradition.

Declaration made at the time of signature, on 30 September 1993, and confirmed at the time of deposit of the instrument of ratification, on 17 June 1994:

The Republic of Bulgaria declares that it will allow transit on the same conditions on which extradition is granted.

Declaration made at the time of signature, on 30 September 1993, and confirmed at the time of deposit of the instrument of ratification, on 17 June 1994:

The Republic of Bulgaria declares that it will require that documents submitted in execution of the present Convention be accompanied by a translation into one of the official languages of the Council of Europe.

Croatia:

Declaration contained in the instrument of accession, deposited on 25 January 1995:

Article 9 of the Constitution of the Republic of Croatia prohibits the extradition of Croatian citizens.

Consequently, the Republic of Croatia will not allow any extradition of its own citizens.

Declaration contained in the instrument of accession, deposited on 25 January 1995:

Article 9 of the Constitution of the Republic of Croatia prohibits the extradition of Croatian citizens.

Consequently, the Republic of Croatia will not allow any transit (Article 21, paragraph 2, of the Convention) of its own citizens.

Declaration contained in the instrument of accession, deposited on 25 January 1995:

The “nationality” of a person being requested for extradition will be considered in terms of the time when the criminal act was committed and in compliance with the regulations of the Republic of Croatia regarding citizenship (Article 6, paragraph 1(b), of the Convention).

Declaration contained in the instrument of accession, deposited on 25 January 1995:

The Republic of Croatia will approve the transit of a person only under the conditions applying to extradition (Article 21, paragraph 5, of the Convention).

Cyprus:

Declaration made at the time of signature, on 18 September 1970:

The Government of the Republic of Cyprus declares that under Article 11.2.f. of the Constitution of the Republic no extradition of citizens of the Republic can be made. The provisions, therefore, of this Article, as far as the Republic of Cyprus is concerned, should be restricted to extradition of aliens.

Declaration made at the time of signature, on 18 September 1970:

The Government of the Republic of Cyprus declares that so long as under its Constitution no extradition of citizens of the Republic is allowed (cf. declaration in respect of Article 1) the term “nationals” within the meaning of the Convention, as far as the Republic of Cyprus is concerned, should mean “citizens of the Republic of Cyprus or persons who, under the provisions relating to citizenship of the Republic in force for the time being, would be entitled to become citizens of the Republic”.

Furthermore, under the provisions of the Criminal Code of Cyprus citizens of the Republic may be prosecuted in Cyprus, for offences committed in a foreign country punishable with death or imprisonment exceeding two years if the act or omission constituting the offence is also punishable by the law of the country where it was committed.

Declaration made at the time of signature, on 18 September 1970:

Under the Criminal Code of Cyprus in the case of citizens of the Republic committing an offence in a foreign country punishable under the Law of Cyprus with death but not so punishable under the law of the foreign country the death penalty is not imposed in the Republic but such citizen is punishable with any other punishment up to imprisonment for life.

Declaration made at the time of signature, on 18 September 1970:

With regard to citizens of the Republic the same declaration is made in respect of Articles 1 and 6.

Czech Republic:

Declaration contained in a Note Verbale from the Permanent Representation of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic dated 13 February 1992, handed over to the Secretary General at the time of signature on 13 February 1992, confirmed in the instrument of ratification deposited on 15 April 1992 and in a Note Verbale from the Permanent Representation of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic dated 15 April 1992 handed over to the Secretary General at the time of deposit of the instrument of ratification, and confirmed in a letter from the Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic dated 1 January 1993, registered at the Secretariat General on 2 January 1993:

Under the terms of the Article 21.5, the transit of a person within the meaning of Article 21 will be granted only on conditions applied in cases of extradition.

Denmark:

Reservation contained in a letter from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark, dated 30 August 1962, handed to the Secretary General at the time of deposit of the instrument of ratification, on 13 September 1962:

Extradition may be granted on condition that the person charged with an offence shall not be proceeded against before a special court. Extradition may be refused if its object is the execution of a sentence pronounced by such a court.

Extradition may be refused if it is liable to have particularly serious consequences for the person claimed on account of his age, state of health or other personal reasons.

Extradition may be refused if the competent authorities of a third State have, by a final judgment, either acquitted or convicted the person concerned in respect of the offence giving rise to the request for extradition, of if the competent authorities of a third State have decided to waive or to discontinue proceedings in respect of the same offence.

The obligation to grant extradition shall be restricted to offences which, under the Danish penal code, are punishable by a penalty more severe than imprisonment for one year or simple detention.

A decision as to whether, in a given instance, the taking or attempted taking of the life of a Head of State or a member of his family is to be deemed a political offence shall be made after consideration of the facts of the case.

Extradition for a military offence which is also a civil offence may only be granted provided the extradited person is not convicted under military law.

Where seemingly indicated by special circumstances, the Danish authorities may require the requesting country to produce evidence establishing a sufficient presumption of guilt on the part of the person concerned. Should such evidence be deemed insufficient, extradition may be refused.

Declaration contained in a letter from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark, dated 30 August 1962, handed to the Secretary General at the time of deposit of the instrument of ratification, on 13 September 1962:

The term “national” means in Denmark a national of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway or Sweden, or a person domiciled in one of those countries.

The Convention will not apply to Denmark's relations with Norway and Sweden, extradition between the Scandinavian countries being governed by uniform legislation.

Estonia:

Declaration contained in the instrument of ratification, deposited on 28 April 1997:

Pursuant to Article 6, paragraph 1, sub-paragraph (b) of the Convention the Republic of Estonia declares that the term “national” within the meaning of this Convention means nationals of the Republic of Estonia.

Declaration contained in the instrument of ratification, deposited on 28 April 1997:

Pursuant to Article 6, paragraph 1, sub-paragraph (a) of the Convention, the Republic of Estonia reserves the right to refuse extradition of one of her own nationals, if the national has not consented to it.

Declaration contained in the instrument of ratification, deposited on 28 April 1997:

Pursuant to Article 23 of the Convention, the Republic of Estonia declares that requests and their annexes presented to the Republic of Estonia shall be accompanied by a translation into English.

Finland:

Declaration contained in a letter from the Embassy of Finland in France, dated 12 May 1971, handed to the Secretary General at the time of deposit of the instrument of accession, on the same day:

Within the meaning of this Convention the term “nationals” shall denote nationals of Finland, Denmark, Iceland, Norway and Sweden as well as aliens domiciled in these States.

Declaration contained in a letter from the Embassy of Finland in France, dated 12 May 1971, handed to the Secretary General at the time of deposit of the instrument of accession, on the same day:

The Convention shall not apply to extradition for offences between Finland, Denmark, Iceland, Norway and Sweden because extradition between these States is governed by uniform legislation.

Reservation contained in the instrument of accession, deposited on 12 May 1971:

Finland reserves the right, when granting extradition, to stipulate that the extradited person shall not be prosecuted for the offence in question in a court which is only provisionally, or under exceptional circumstances, empowered to deal with such offences. Extradition requested for the execution of a sentence rendered by such special court may be refused.

Reservation contained in the instrument of accession, deposited on 12 May 1971:

Finland reserves the right to refuse extradition, if extradition on account of the age, the state of health or any other condition affecting the individual in question or on account of special conditions would be unreasonable for human reasons.

Reservation contained in the instrument of accession, deposited on 12 May 1971:

The obligation to extradite mentioned in paragraph 1 of the Article 2 shall be restricted to offences which, under Finnish law, are punishable by a penalty more severe than imprisonment for one year. A person sentenced in a foreign State for such offence may be extradited only, if the term not yet served is deprivation of liberty for at least four months.

Reservation contained in the instrument of accession, deposited on 12 May 1971:

Finland reserves the right to regard the offence mentioned in paragraph 3 of this Article 3 as a political offence, if such offence has been committed in open fight.

Reservation contained in the instrument of accession, deposited on 12 May 1971:

Where a military offence also comprises an offence in respect of which extradition otherwise is permissible, Finland reserves the right to stipulate that the extradited person shall not be punished under a provision pertaining to military offences.

Reservation contained in the instrument of accession, deposited on 12 May 1971:

If the person taken into custody, whose extradition has been granted, has not been taken over by the requesting State on the date appointed, Finland reserves the right to release him immediately.

France:

Reservation contained in the instrument of ratification. deposited on 10 February 1986:

Extradition shall not be granted if the person sought would be tried in the requesting State by a tribunal which does not assure the fundamental procedural guarantees and the protection of the rights of the defence or by a tribunal created for that person's particular case or if extradition is requested for the enforcement of a sentence or detention order imposed by such a tribunal.

Reservation contained in the instrument of ratification, deposited on 10 February 1986:

Extradition may be refused if surrender is likely to have consequences of an exceptional gravity for the person sought, particularly by reason of his age or state of health.

Reservation contained in the instrument of ratification, deposited on 10 February 1986:

Concerning persons prosecuted, extradition shall only be granted in respect of offences which, under French law and under the law of the requesting State, are punishable by deprivation of liberty or by a detention order for a maximum period of at least two years.

Reservation contained in the instrument of ratification, deposited on 10 February 1986:

With regard to punishments which are more severe than deprivation of liberty or detention orders, extradition may be refused if these punishments or detention orders are not provided for in the scale of punishments applicable in France.

Reservation contained in the instrument of ratification, deposited on 10 February 1986:

France reserves the right, in the light of the individual circumstances of each case, to appreciate if the taking or attempted taking of the life of a Head of State or a member of his family is to be deemed or not a political offence.

Declaration contained in the instrument of ratification, deposited on 10 February 1986:

France declares that for offences in connection with taxes, duties, customs and exchange, extradition shall be granted to the requesting State if it has been so decided by a simple exchange of letters in each category of case.

Declaration contained in the instrument of ratification, deposited on 10 February 1986:

Extradition shall be refused when the person sought had French nationality at the time of the alleged offence.

Reservation contained in the instrument of ratification, deposited on 10 February 1986:

France will require that any new description of an offence relates to the same facts as those for which extradition was granted and that this new description does not imply the application of a penalty for which extradition could be refused.

Reservation contained in the instrument of ratification, deposited on 10 February 1986:

In the case of a request for provisional arrest, France shall require a short memorandum of the facts alleged against the person sought.

Declaration contained in the instrument of ratification, deposited on 10 February 1986:

France reserves the right not to grant transit except on the same conditions as those on which it grants extradition.

Declaration contained in the instrument of ratification, deposited on 10 February 1986:

France declares that it will request a translation of the requests for extradition and documents annexed thereto into one of the official languages of the Council of Europe and that it chooses French.

Declaration contained in the instrument of ratification, deposited on 10 February 1986:

The Government of the French Republic declares that, with respect to France, the Convention applies to the European and overseas departments of the Republic.

Germany:

Declaration made at the time of deposit of the instrument of ratification, on 2 October 1976:

Extradition of Germans from the Federal Republic of Germany to a foreign country is not permitted by virtue of Article 16, paragraph 2, first sentence, of the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany and must, therefore, be refused in every case. The term “nationals” within the meaning of Article 6, paragraph 1b., of the European Convention on Extradition covers all Germans within the meaning of Article 116, paragraph 1, of the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany.

Declaration made at the time of deposit of the instrument of ratification, on 2 October 1976:

In a case of transit under Article 21 of the European Convention on Extradition Article 11 of the Convention will be applied mutatis mutandis.

Declaration made at the time of deposit of the instrument of ratification, on 2 October 1976:

Transit of a German through the territory of the Federal Republic of Germany is not permitted by virtue of Article 16, paragraph 2, first sentence, of the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany and must, therefore, be refused in every case.

Reservation made at the time of deposit of the instrument of ratification, on 2 October 1976:

Where transit is to be effected by air through the territory of the Federal Republic of Germany without any intention to land, an assurance will be required to the effect that, according to the facts known to the requesting Party and the documents in its possession, the extradited person is not a German and does not claim such status.

Declaration made at the time of deposit of the instrument of ratification, on 2 October 1976:

Where the request for extradition and the documents to be produced are not in the German language they must be accompanied by translations of the request and the documents into the German language or into one of the official languages of the Council of Europe.

Declaration made at the time of deposit of the instrument of ratification, on 2 October 1976:

The European Convention on Extradition shall also apply to Land Berlin with effect from the date on which it will enter into force for the Federal Republic of Germany.

Reservation made at the time of deposit of the instrument of ratification, on 2 October 1976:

A request for the extradition of a national of the French Republic, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, or of the United States of America from Land Berlin may be complied with only after the Berlin Commandant of the armed forces of the State concerned has agreed.

Declaration contained in a letter from the Permanent Representation dated 4 February 1991, registered at the Secretary General on 5 February 1991:

The Government of the Federal Republic of Germany considers Portugal's reservation (under item c) to Article 1 of the Convention to be compatible with the object and purpose of the Convention only if refusal to grant extradition for offences punishable by a life-long sentence or detention order is not absolute. It takes the reservation to mean that the only circumstance in which extradition will not be granted is where there is no possibility under the law of the requesting state for the person sentenced to life imprisonment, having completed a certain proportion of the sentence or period of detention, to obtain a judicial review of his case with a view to having the remainder of the sentence commuted to probation.

Declaration contained in a Note Verbale from the Permanent Representation dated 11 October 1993 registered at the Secretariat General on 13 October 1993:

The Federal Republic of Germany considers the placing of persons granted asylum in Poland on an equal standing with Polish nationals in Poland's declaration with respect to Article 6, paragraph 1 (a) of the Convention to be compatible with the object and purpose of the Convention only with the provision that it does not exclude extradition of such persons to a state other than that in respect of which asylum has been granted.

Greece:

Declaration made at the time of deposit of the instrument of ratification, on 29 May 1961:

The provisions of Article 6 will be applied subject to the application of Article 438 (a) of the Greek Code of Criminal Procedure, which prohibits extradition of nationals of the requested Party.

Article 438 of the Greek Code of Criminal Procedure will also be applied in relation to paragraph 1 (c). Under that Article, the date of commission of the offence will on no account be taken into consideration in establishing the nationality of the wanted person.

Reservation made at the time of deposit of the instrument of ratification, on 29 May 1961:

Paragraph 1 of Article 7 will be applied subject to the provisions of Article 438(b) of the Greek Code of Criminal Procedure.

Reservation made at the time of deposit of the instrument of ratification, on 29 May 1961:

Article 437 (1) of the Greek Code of Criminal Procedure will continue to be applied in place of Article 11 of the Convention. Under that clause, extradition of a foreign national for an offence punishable by death under the law of the requesting Party is authorised only if Greek criminal law prescribes the same penalty for the offence in question.

Reservation made at the time of deposit of the instrument of ratification, on 29 May 1961:

The last sentence of Article 18 (4) of the Convention is accepted, with the addition of the following clause from Article 454 of the Greek Code of Criminal Procedure: “provided that the new request is based on the same facts”.

Reservation made at the time of deposit of the instrument of ratification, on 29 May 1961:

This Article is accepted subject to the provisions of Article 441 of the Greek Code of Criminal Procedure.

Hungary:

Reservation contained in a letter from the Permanent Representative of Hungary, handed to the Secretary General at the time of deposit of the instrument of ratification, on 13 July 1993:

Hungary will not grant extradition if the person sought is to be brought before a special court or if the extradition should lead to the enforcement of a sentence or detention order inflicted by such a court.

Reservation contained in a letter from the Permanent Representative of Hungary, handed to the Secretary General at the time of deposit of the instrument of ratification, on 13 July 1993:

Hungary reserves the right to refuse extradition on humanitarian grounds if it would cause particular hardship to the person claimed, for example, because of his youth, advanced age or state of health, or any other condition affecting the individual in question, having regard also to the nature of the offence and the interests of the requesting State.

Declaration contained in a letter from the Permanent Representative of Hungary, handed to the Secretary General at the time of deposit of the instrument of ratification, on 13 July 1993:

The provisions of Article 6 paragraph 1.a of the Peace Treaty concluded in Paris on 10 February 1947 notwithstanding, Hungary will not grant extradition of its own nationals.

Declaration contained in a Note Verbale registered at the Secretariat General on 25 February 1999:

Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 6, paragraph 1.a, of the Peace Treaty concluded in Paris on 10 February 1947, Hungary will not grant extradition of its own nationals, except in the case where the person sought for extradition is also a citizen of another State and has his permanent residence in a foreign State. Irrespective of his permanent residence and his incidental other citizenship, a Hungarian citizen may be transferred to another State, if the extradition of such a person to Hungary was granted under the condition that, following completion of the criminal proceedings or the execution of the sentence against him, he would be transferred back to that State for the purposes of fulfilling the request for extradition.

Reservation contained in a letter from the Permanent Representative of Hungary, handed to the Secretary General at the time of deposit of the instrument of ratification, on 13 July 1993:

Hungary will refuse extradition if it is requested to carry out death penalty or to prosecute a person charged with an offence punishable by death penalty. However, extradition may be granted in respect of an offence punishable by death penalty under the law of the requesting State, if that State accepts, that death penalty, if pronounced, will not be executed.

Declaration contained in a letter from the Permanent Representative of Hungary, handed to the Secretary General at the time of deposit of the instrument of ratification, on 13 July 1993:

In case of request for provisional arrest Hungary also requires a short statement of the facts the person claimed is charged with.

Declaration contained in a letter from the Permanent Representative of Hungary, handed to the Secretary General at the time of deposit of the instrument of ratification, on 13 July 1993:

Hungary will refuse transit of its own nationals and of persons settled definitively in Hungary.

Declaration contained in a letter from the Permanent Representative of Hungary, handed to the Secretary General at the time of deposit of the instrument of ratification, on 13 July 1993:

Hungary declares that it will require a translation of the request for extradition and documents annexed thereto into either Hungarian, or any of the official languages of the Council of Europe, if they are not drawn up in these languages.

Reservation contained in a letter from the Permanent Representative of Hungary, handed to the Secretary General at the time of deposit of the instrument of ratification, on 13 July 1993:

Hungary reserves the right to refuse extradition of persons settled definitively in Hungary.

Iceland:

Reservation contained in the instrument of ratification, deposited on 20 June 1984:

When granting extradition, Iceland reserves the right to stipulate that the extradited person may not be summoned to appear before a provisional court or a court empowered under exceptional circumstances to deal with such offences, as well as the right to refuse extradition for the execution of a sentence rendered by such special court.

Reservation contained in the instrument of ratification, deposited on 20 June 1984:

Extradition may be refused if it is liable to have particularly serious consequences for the person claimed on account of his age, state of health or other personal circumstances.

Reservation contained in the instrument of ratification, deposited on 20 June 1984:

Iceland can grant extradition in respect of an offence, or corresponding offence, which under Icelandic law is punishable, or would have been punishable, with imprisonment for more than one year.

Reservation contained in the instrument of ratification, deposited on 20 June 1984:

Iceland reserves the right, in light of individual circumstances, to consider the offence described in paragraph 3 of Article 3 as a political offence.

Reservation contained in the instrument of ratification, deposited on 20 June 1984:

Extradition for a military offence which is also an offence under ordinary criminal law may only be granted provided the extradited person is not convicted under military law.

Reservation contained in the instrument of ratification, deposited on 20 June 1984:

Iceland reserves the right to require the requesting Party to produce evidence establishing that the person claimed has committed the offence for which extradition is requested. Extradition may be refused if the evidence is found to be insufficient.

Declaration contained in a letter from the Permanent Representative of Iceland, handed to the Secretary General at the time of deposit of the instrument of ratification, on 20 June 1984:

Within the meaning of the Convention the term “nationals” means a national of Iceland and a national of Denmark, Finland, Norway or Sweden or a person domiciled in Iceland or other aforementioned countries.

Declaration contained in a letter from the Permanent Representative of Iceland, handed to the Secretary General at the time of deposit of the instrument of ratification, on 20 June 1984:

The Convention shall not apply to extradition to Denmark, Finland, Norway or Sweden as extradition between the Nordic countries is governed by a uniform law.

Israel:

Declaration contained in the instrument of accession, deposited on 27 September 1967:

Israel will only grant transit of a person if, were the receiving State requesting the extradition of the wanted person from Israel, there would be no legal bar to declaring him subject to extradition and extraditing him.

Declaration contained in the instrument of accession, deposited on 27 September 1967:

The evidence in writing, or the declarations given on oath or not, or certified copies of such evidence or declarations, and the warrant of arrest and the other legal documents establishing the fact of the conviction, shall be admitted as valid evidence in examining the request for extradition, if they have been signed by a judge or official of the requesting State or if they are accompanied by a certificate issued by such a judge or official or if they have been authenticated by the seal of the Ministry of Justice.

Reservation contained in the instrument of accession, deposited on 27 September 1967:

Israel will not grant extradition of any person unless he is accused or has been convicted in the requesting State of an offence which, had it been committed in Israel, would be one of the following offences:

(a) Any offence for which the death penalty or imprisonment for a period exceeding three years may be imposed (even if the penalty is lighter where the sentence is passed by a magistrate's court), except:

1. an offence with which a person can only be charged if at the time of committing it he is a soldier within the meaning of the Military Justice Law, 5715-1955;

2. offences under Section 85 of the Criminal Code Ordinance, 1936 (preventing by force or obstructing notification or presence of a competent police officer in the event of a riotous assembly or riot) or under the Penal Law Amendment (Bigamy) Law, 5719-1959 (bigamy);

3. offences under the Penal Law Amendment (Assault on Police Officers) Law, 5712-1952, or under any of the laws specified in the Schedule to the Prevention of Profiteering and Speculation (Jurisdiction) Law, 5711-1951 (various laws, regulations and bye-laws regulating subleasing and accommodation of guests, and the distribution, prices and control of the sale of foodstuffs).

(b) An offence the penalty for which is lighter than above specified and which is an offence under the Penal Law Amendment (Bribery) Law, 5712-1952, or under any of the following sections of the Criminal Code Ordinance, 1936:88 (riotously preventing the sailing of a ship), 109B, 110-115 (various offences relating to abuse of office by public servants), 120-122, 124 (false swearing, deceiving witnesses, destroying evidence, conspiracy to defeat justice and interference with witnesses), 140 (fraud by public officers), 146 (insult to religion), 156, 158, 159 (intercourse by husband with girl under 15 years, indecency without force and indecent act upon person under 16 years), 161d. (sodomy), 185, 186 (neglect in the supply of food etc. to, and desertion of children), 195 (spread of dangerous infection or disease), 218 (homicide by carelessness), 242, 250 (assault causing bodily harm), 261, 262 (compulsory labour and false imprisonment), 270 (theft), 304 b. and c. (defrauding of creditors), 305 (conspiracy to defraud the public), 310 (receiving property fraudulently obtained), 350 (imitation of banknotes), 359, 360, 363-366 (counterfeiting), or under the Penal Law Amendment (Deceit, Blackmail and Extortion) Law, 5723-1963 (deceit and forgery).

Reservation contained in the instrument of accession, deposited on 27 September 1967:

Israel will not grant extradition of a person charged with an offence unless it is proved in a court in Israel that there is evidence which would be sufficient for committing him to trial for such an offence in Israel.

Reservation contained in the instrument of accession, deposited on 27 September 1967:

Israel will not accede to a request for extradition if the wanted person has been pardoned, or has had his punishment remitted, in the requesting State in respect of the criminal act in question.

Reservation contained in the instrument of accession, deposited on 27 September 1967:

Israel will not grant extradition in departure from the rule of speciality except:

a. if the wanted person has in his absence been declared subject to extradition also in respect of the other offence after he was given an opportunity to be represented in the proceedings aimed at such declaration;

b. upon condition that the wanted person will not be proceeded against, sentenced or detained with a view to carrying out sentence unless, having left the requesting State after his extradition, he voluntarily returned to it, or unless he failed to leave the requesting State within 60 days after being given an opportunity to do so.

Reservation contained in the instrument of accession, deposited on 27 September 1967:

Article 15 shall be read as if the words “60 days” replaced the words “45 days” in Article 14, paragraph 1 b.

Declaration contained in a letter from the Ambassador of Israel in Charge of Relations with the Council of Europe, dated 2 December 1997, registered at the Secretariat General on 5 December 1997:

In regard to Article 23 of the Convention, the Government of the State of Israel requests that the documents to be produced by the requesting Party be translated into English or Hebrew.

Italy:

Reservation made at the time of signature, on 13 December 1957, and confirmed at the time of deposit of the instrument of ratification, on 6 August 1963:

Italy makes the express reservation that it will not grant the extradition of persons wanted for the carrying out of a detention order unless:

a. all the criteria laid down in Article 25 are fulfilled in each case;

b. the said detention order is expressly provided for under the criminal law of the requesting Party as being a necessary consequence of an offence.

Declaration made at the time of signature, on 13 December 1957, and confirmed at the time of deposit of the instrument of ratification, on 6 August 1963:

Italy declares that it will not, under any circumstances, grant extradition in respect of offences punishable by death under the law of the requesting Party.

Latvia:

Declaration contained in a Note Verbale from the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Latvia dated 17 April 1997, handed to the Secretary General at the time of deposit of the instrument of ratification, on 2 May 1997:

In pursuance of paragraph 1 of Article 6 of the Convention on Extradition of 1957, the Republic of Latvia defines that within the meaning of this Convention, the term “nationals” relates to the citizens of the Republic of Latvia and non-citizens who are subjects of the Law on the Status of Former USSR Citizens who are not Citizens of Latvia or any other State.

Liechtenstein:

Reservation contained in the instrument of accession, deposited on 28 October 1969:

Extradition is on principle granted by the Principality of Liechtenstein only on the condition that the person against whom proceedings are being taken for an offence be tried by the ordinary courts of the requesting State. It therefore reserves the right to grant extradition only on condition that the requesting State gives adequate assurances in that respect.

Declaration contained in the instrument of accession, deposited on 28 October 1969:

The Government of the Principality of Liechtenstein declares that Liechtenstein law does not permit extradition of Liechtenstein nationals. Once they have entered the territory of the Principality, they will be tried by the Liechtenstein authorities under Liechtenstein criminal law (paragraph 36 of the Penal Code) for offences committed abroad, whatever the laws of the country where the offence was committed. ‘Nationals’ within the meaning of the Convention are persons possessing Liechtenstein nationality.

Reservation contained in the instrument of accession, deposited on 28 October 1969:

The Principality of Liechtenstein reserves the right to apply Article 11 by analogy where the requesting State does not give the Liechtenstein authorities adequate assurances that it will not impose any penalty or measure contrary to Liechtenstein law or which offends against the principle of inviolability of the person in a way which is incompatible with Liechtenstein law.

Reservation contained in the instrument of accession, deposited on 28 October 1969:

The Principality of Liechtenstein reserves the right to refuse transit through its territory even where the offence with which the accused party is charged is covered by Article 5 of the Convention.

Declaration contained in the instrument of accession, deposited on 28 October 1969:

The Principality of Liechtenstein requires that requests and the documents to be produced which are written in a language other than German must be accompanied by a translation into that language.

Lithuania:

Reservation contained in the instrument of ratification deposited on 20 June 1995:

Extradition shall be granted only under the condition that any person suspected of having committed a crime will be not tried in a special court of the requesting Party.

Reservation contained in the instrument of ratification deposited on 20 June 1995:

The Republic of Lithuania reserves the right not to grant extradition if the said person, on the grounds of his/her health, age or personal motivation, would be adversely affected by this extradition.

Reservation contained in the instrument of ratification deposited on 20 June 1995:

The Republic of Lithuania reserves its right referred to in Article 3 of the Convention to decide in each particular case whether acts referred to in Article 3, paragraph 3, of the Convention are regarded as being a political offence.

Declaration contained in the instrument of ratification deposited on 20 June 1995:

The term “nationals” means persons having Lithuanian nationality under the Law of the Lithuanian nationality (Citizenship Law). According to Article 6 of the Law on Lithuanian nationality (Citizenship Law), the Republic of Lithuania does not extradite its nationals to foreign countries. All requests for extradition of Lithuanian nationals shall be refused.

Declaration contained in the instrument of ratification deposited on 20 June 1995:

Written requests for extradition can be exchanged between the Ministry of Justice or the Prosecutor General's Office of the requesting Party and the Lithuanian Ministry of Justice or Prosecutor General's Office. The use of diplomatic channels is not excluded.

Declaration contained in the instrument of ratification deposited on 20 June 1995:

In no case shall the Republic of Lithuania grant transit in respect of Lithuanian nationals.

Declaration contained in the instrument of ratification deposited on 20 June 1995:

Requests for extradition (including documents in support of the request) have to be accompanied by proper translations in Lithuanian, English, French, Russian or German if these documents are not produced in one of these languages.

Luxembourg:

Reservation contained in a letter from the Permanent Representative of Luxembourg, dated 16 November 1976, handed to the Secretary General at the time of deposit of the instrument of ratification, on 18 November 1976:

The Government of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg reserves the right not to grant extradition requested for the purpose of executing a judgment pronounced by default against which no remedy remains open, if such extradition might have the effect of subjecting the person claimed to a penalty without his having been enabled to exercise the rights of defence prescribed in Article 6.3.c. of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.

The Government of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg reserves the right to refuse extradition on humanitarian grounds if it would cause particular hardship to the person claimed, for example, because of his youth, advanced age or state of health.

Declaration contained in a letter from the Permanent Representative of Luxembourg, dated 16 November 1976, handed to the Secretary General at the time of deposit of the instrument of ratification, on 18 November 1976:

The Government of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg will not grant extradition of its own nationals.

The Government of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg will not grant transit of its own nationals.

The Government of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg reserves the right not to grant extradition when, in accordance with Article 7(2), the requesting State would be authorised to refuse extradition in like cases.

The Government of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg will not grant extradition if it is satisfied that final judgment for the offence for which extradition is requested has been passed on the person claimed by the competent authorities of a third State and, in the event of conviction for that offence, the convicted person is serving his sentence, has already served it or has been dispensed from serving it.

By reason of the special arrangements between the Benelux countries, the Government of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg does not accept Article 28.1 and 2 in respect of its relations with the Netherlands and Belgium.

The Government of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg reserves the right to derogate from these provisions in respect of its relations with the other member States of the European Community.

The Government of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg declares that so far as the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg is concerned, “nationals” for the purposes of the Convention are to be understood as meaning persons of Luxembourg nationality as well as foreigners integrated into the Luxembourg community in so far as they can be prosecuted within Luxembourg for the act in respect of which extradition is requested.

The Government of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg will not grant temporary extradition under Article 19.2 save of a person who is serving a sentence in its territory and if necessitated by special circumstances.

The Government of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg reserves the right not to grant transit except on the same conditions on which it grants extradition.

Malta:

Reservation made at the time of deposit of the instrument of ratification, on 19 March 1996:

Malta reserves the right to grant a request for the extradition of a person accused of an offence only where the court of committal is satisfied, after hearing any evidence tendered in support of the request for the return of that person or on behalf of that person, that the evidence would be sufficient to warrant his trial for that offence if it had been committed within the jurisdiction of the Courts of Criminal Justice of Malta. A person convicted of an offence in his absence shall be treated as a person accused of that offence.

Reservation made at the time of deposit of the instrument of ratification, on 19 March 1996:

Malta reserves the right, when granting extradition, to stipulate that the extradited person shall not be prosecuted for the offence in question in a court which is only provisionally, or under exceptional circumstances, empowered to deal with such offences. Extradition requested for the execution of a sentence rendered by such special court may be refused.

Reservation made at the time of deposit of the instrument of ratification, on 19 March 1996:

Malta reserves the right to apply the Convention in accordance with Section 20 of Chapter 276 of the laws of Malta (The Extradition Act, 1978) which section reads as follows:

“On an appeal made to the Court of Criminal Appeal or an application for redress to the Constitutional Court under Section 46 of the Constitution of Malta, either of the said Courts may, without prejudice to any other jurisdiction, order the person committed to be discharged from custody if it appears to such Court that,

(a) by reason of the trivial nature of the offence of which he is accused or was convicted; or

(b) by reason of the passage of time since he is alleged to have committed it or to have become unlawfully at large, as the case may be; or

(c) because the accusation against him is not made in good faith in the interests of justice, it would, having regard to all circumstances, be unjust or oppressive to return him.”

Reservation made at the time of deposit of the instrument of ratification, on 19 March 1996:

Malta reserves the right to apply paragraph 3 of this Article in accordance with Section 10(5) of the Extradition Act which reads as follows:

“For the purposes of this section, an offence against the life or person of a Head of State, or any related offence described in subsection (3) of Section 5 of this Act, shall not necessarily be deemed to be an offence of a political character.”

Reservation made at the time of deposit of the instrument of ratification, on 19 March 1996:

Malta reserves the right to apply this Article in accordance with the rule of “Non bis in idem” as laid down in Section 527 of the Criminal Code (Chapter 9 of the Laws of Malta) which reads as follows:

“Where in a trial, judgement is given acquitting the person charged or accused, it shall not be lawful to subject such person to another trial for the same fact.”

Reservation made at the time of deposit of the instrument of ratification, on 19 March 1996:

Malta reserves the right to apply the provisions set out in paragraphs 4 and 5 of this Article in accordance with Section 24 of the Extradition Act (Chapter 276 of the Laws of Malta) which reads as follows:

“(1) If any person committed to await his return is in custody in Malta under this Act after the expiration of the following period that is to say—

(a) in any case, the period of two months beginning with the first day on which, having regard to subsection (2) of Section 21 of this Act, he could have been returned;

(b) where a warrant for his return has been issued under Section 21 of this Act, the period of one month beginning with the day on which that warrant was issued—

he may apply to the Court of Criminal appeal, sitting as a court of appeal from judgments of the Court of Judicial Police, for his discharge.

(2) If upon any such application the court is satisfied that reasonable notice of the proposed application has been given to the Minister, the court may, unless sufficient cause is shown to the contrary, by order direct the applicant to be discharged from custody, and if a warrant for his return has been issued under the said section quash that warrant.”

Reservation made at the time of deposit of the instrument of ratification, on 19 March 1996:

Malta reserves the right to grant such transit under this Article only in so far as transit is permissible under its own laws.

Moldova:

Reservation contained in the instrument of ratification deposited on 2 October 1997:

The Republic of Moldova will refuse to grant extradition in cases where the person claimed is to be tried on the territory of the requesting Party by a special court (set up for a specific case) or where extradition is requested in order to carry out a sentence or detention order handed down by such a court.

Reservation contained in the instrument of ratification deposited on 2 October 1997:

The Republic of Moldova reserves the right, where circumstances so dictate, to determine whether the taking or attempted taking of the life of a Head of State or a member of his or her family shall or shall not constitute a political offence.

Declaration contained in the instrument of ratification deposited on 2 October 1997:

By virtue of Article 17, paragraph 3 of the Constitution of the Republic of Moldova, the citizens of the Republic of Moldova may not be extradited or expelled from the country.

The term “nationals” within the meaning of Article 6, paragraph 1(b) covers all individuals having the nationality of the Republic of Moldova in conformity with its legislation.

Reservation contained in the instrument of ratification deposited on 2 October 1997:

The Republic of Moldova reserves the right not to grant extradition when, in accordance with Article 7, paragraph 2, the requesting Party would refuse extradition in similar cases.

Reservation contained in the instrument of ratification deposited on 2 October 1997:

The Republic of Moldova will not grant extradition if a final judgment has been passed by a third State upon the person claimed in respect of the offence or offences for which extradition is requested.

Reservation contained in the instrument of ratification deposited on 2 October 1997:

In derogation of Article 9 (first sentence), the Republic of Moldova may grant extradition if the requesting State can show that new facts or evidence justify a reopening of the case.

Reservation contained in the instrument of ratification deposited on 2 October 1997:

The Republic of Moldova asks that any request addressed to it in pursuance of Article 16, paragraph 2, contain a brief description of the offence alleged against the person claimed, including the essential particulars by which the nature of the offence can be appraised in accordance with the present Convention.

Declaration contained in the instrument of ratification deposited on 2 October 1997:

The Republic of Moldova reserves the right to authorise transit only under the conditions provided for in respect of extradition.

Declaration contained in the instrument of ratification deposited on 2 October 1997:

The Republic of Moldova declares that requests for extradition and documents appended thereto must be in Moldovan or in one of the official languages of the Council of Europe, or translated into one of these languages.

Netherlands:

Declaration made at the time of signature, on 21 January 1965:

Having regard to the equality existing in public law between the Netherlands, Surinam [Note from the Secretariat: Surinam became independent on 25 November 1975] and the Netherlands Antilles, the term “metropolitan territories” used in paragraph 1 of Article 27 of the present Convention, no longer has its original sense in relation to the Kingdom of the Netherlands and consequently shall be deemed to signify, so far as concerns the Kingdom, “European territory”.

Reservation contained in the instrument of ratification, deposited on 14 February 1969:

The Netherlands Government reserves the right not to grant extradition requested for the purpose of executing a judgment pronounced by default against which no remedy remains open, if such extradition might have the effect of subjecting the person claimed to a penalty without his having been enabled to exercise the rights of defence prescribed in Article 6(3)c. of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms signed at Rome on 4 November 1950.

Reservation contained in the instrument of ratification, deposited on 14 February 1969:

The Netherlands Government reserves the right to refuse extradition on humanitarian grounds if it would cause particular hardship to the person claimed, for example, because of his youth, advanced age or state of health.

Reservation contained in the instrument of ratification, deposited on 14 February 1969:

The Netherlands Government reserves the right not to grant extradition when, in accordance with Article 7(2), the requesting State would be authorised to refuse extradition in like cases.

Reservation contained in the instrument of ratification, deposited on 14 February 1969:

The Netherlands Government will not grant extradition if it is satisfied that final judgment for the offence for which extradition is requested has been passed on the person claimed by the competent authorities of a third State and, in the event of conviction for that offence, the convicted person is serving his sentence, has already served it or has been dispensed from serving it.

Reservation contained in the instrument of ratification, deposited on 14 February 1969:

By reason of the special arrangements between the Benelux countries, the Netherlands Government does not accept Article 28(1) and (2) in respect of its relations with the Kingdom of Belgium and the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.

Reservation contained in the instrument of ratification, deposited on 14 February 1969:

The Netherlands Government reserves the right to derogate from these provisions in respect of its relations with the other member States of the European Community

Declaration contained in a letter from the Permanent Representative of the Netherlands, dated 13 February 1969, handed to the Secretary General at the time of deposit of the instrument of ratification, on 14 February 1969:

The Netherlands Government will not grant transit of its own nationals. As regards the Netherlands, “nationals” for the purposes of the Convention are to be understood as meaning persons of Netherlands nationality as well as foreigners integrated into the Netherlands community insofar as they can be prosecuted within the Netherlands for the act in respect of which extradition is requested.

The Netherlands Government will not grant temporary extradition under Article 19(2) save of a person who is serving a sentence in its territory and if necessitated by special circumstances.

The Netherlands Government reserves the right not to grant transit except on the same conditions on which it grants extradition.

Declaration contained in a letter from the Permanent Representative of the Netherlands, dated 24 December 1985, registered at the Secretariat General on 3 January 1986:

The island of Aruba, which is at present still part of the Netherlands Antilles, will obtain internal autonomy as a country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands as of 1 January 1986. Consequently the Kingdom will from then on no longer consist of two countries, namely the Netherlands (the Kingdom in Europe) and the Netherlands Antilles (situated in the Caribbean region), but will consist of three countries, namely the said two countries and the country Aruba.

As the changes being made on 1 January 1986 concern a shift only in the internal constitutional relations within the Kingdom of the Netherlands, and as the Kingdom as such will remain the subject under international law with which treaties are concluded, the said changes will have no consequences in international law regarding to treaties concluded by the Kingdom which already apply to the Netherlands Antilles, including Aruba. These treaties will remain in force for Aruba in its new capacity of country within the Kingdom. Therefore these treaties will as of 1 January 1986, as concerns the Kingdom of the Netherlands, apply to the Netherlands Antilles (without Aruba) and Aruba.

Consequently the treaties referred to in the annex, to which the Kingdom of the Netherlands is a Party and which apply to the Netherlands Antilles, will as of 1 January 1986 as concerns the Kingdom of the Netherlands apply to the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba.

List of Conventions referred to by the Declaration

.....

24 European Convention on Extradition

.....

Declaration contained in a Note Verbale from the Permanent Representation of the Netherlands, dated 14 October 1987, registered at the Secretariat General on 15 October 1987:

The Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands will not permit the transit of Netherlands nationals for the purposes of the enforcement of penalties or other measures.

The present declaration will enter into force on 1 January 1988.

Declaration contained in a Note Verbale from the Permanent Representation of the Netherlands, dated 14 October 1987, registered at the Secretariat General on 15 October 1987:

The Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands will not permit the extradition of Netherlands nationals for the purposes of the enforcement of penalties or other measures.

However, Netherlands nationals may be extradited for purposes of prosecution if the requesting State provides a guarantee that the person claimed may be returned to the Netherlands to serve his sentence there if, following his extradition, a custodial sentence other than a suspended sentence or a measure depriving him of his liberty is imposed upon him.

As regards the Kingdom of the Netherlands, “nationals” for the purpose of the Convention are to be understood as meaning persons of Netherlands nationality as well as foreigners integrated into the Netherlands community insofar as they can be prosecuted within the Kingdom of the Netherlands for the act in respect of which extradition is requested.

The present declaration will enter into force on 1 January 1988.

Declaration contained in a Note Verbale from the Permanent Representation dated 4 October 1993 registered at the Secretariat General on 8 October 1993:

On 8 and 29 July 1993 the Governments of the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Kingdom of Sweden exchanged Notes constituting an arrangement as provided for in article 27, paragraph 4, of the European Convention on Extradition of 13 December 1957 concerning the extension of the Convention to the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba. The arrangement entered into force on 1 October 1993.

Declaration contained in a Note Verbale from the Permanent Representation dated 3 November 1993 registered at the Secretariat General on 10 November 1993:

On 30 June and 29 September 1993 the Governments of the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Principality of Liechtenstein exchanged Notes constituting an arrangement as provided for in article 27, paragraph 4, of the European Convention on Extradition of 13 December 1957 concerning the extension of the Convention to the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba. The arrangements will enter into force on 1 December 1993.

Declaration contained in a Note Verbale from the Permanent Representation, dated 9 December 1993, registered at the Secretariat General on 14 December 1993:

On 20 and 28 October 1993 the Governments of the Kingdom of the Netherlands and Switzerland exchanged Notes constituting an arrangement as provided for in article 27, paragraph 4, of the European Convention on Extradition of 13 December 1957 concerning the extension of the Convention to the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba. The arrangement will enter into force on 1 January 1994.

Declaration contained in a Note Verbale from the Permanent Representation, dated 9 December 1993, registered at the Secretariat General on 14 December 1993:

On 20 September and 22 November 1993 the Governments of the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg exchanged Notes constituting an arrangement as provided for in article 27, paragraph 4, of the European Convention on Extradition of 13 December 1957 concerning the extension of the Convention to the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba. The arrangement will enter into force on 1 February 1994.

Declaration contained in a Note Verbale from the Permanent Representation, dated 3 January 1994, registered at the Secretariat General on 4 January 1994:

On 30 July and 2 December 1993 the Governments of the Kingdom of the Netherlands and France exchanged Notes constituting an arrangement as provided for in article 27, paragraph 4, of the European Convention on Extradition of 13 December 1957 concerning the extension of the Convention to the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba. The arrangement will enter into force on 1 March 1994.

Declaration contained in a Note Verbale from the Permanent Representation dated 31 January 1994, registered at the Secretariat General on 2 February 1994:

On 8 June and 21 December 1993 the Governments of the Kingdom of the Netherlands and Italy exchanged Notes constituting an arrangement as provided for in article 27, paragraph 4, of the European Convention on Extradition of 13 December 1957 concerning the extension of the Convention to the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba. The arrangement entered into force on 30 December 1993.

Declaration contained in a Note Verbale from the Permanent Representation of the Netherlands, dated 8 March 1994, registered at the Secretariat General on 11 March 1994:

On 19 January and 3 February 1994 the Governments of the Kingdom of the Netherlands and of Turkey exchanged Notes constituting an arrangement as provided for in article 27, paragraph 4, of the European Convention on Extradition of 13 December 1957 concerning the extension of the Convention to the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba.

The arrangement will enter into force on 1 May 1994.

Declaration contained in a Note Verbale from the Permanent Representation of the Netherlands, dated 8 March 1994, registered at the Secretariat General on 11 March 1994:

On 20 January and 4 February 1994 the Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Government of Denmark exchanged Notes constituting an arrangement as provided for in article 27, paragraph 4, of the European Convention on Extradition of 13 December 1957 concerning the extension of the Convention to the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba.

The arrangement will enter into force on 1 May 1994.

Declaration contained in a Note Verbale from the Permanent Representation, dated 18 May 1994, registered at the Secretariat General on 20 May 1994:

On 26 January and 18 February 1994 the Governments of the Kingdom of the Netherlands and of Norway exchanged Notes constituting an arrangement as provided for in Article 27, paragraph 4, of the European Convention on Extradition of 13 December 1957 concerning the extension of the Convention to the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba. The arrangement entered into force on 1 May 1994.

Declaration contained in a Note Verbale from the Permanent Representation, dated 18 May 1994, registered at the Secretariat General on 20 May 1994:

On 3 August 1993 and 3 March 1994 the Governments of the Kingdom of the Netherlands and of Cyprus exchanged Notes constituting an arrangement as provided for in Article 27, paragraph 4, of the European Convention on Extradition of 13 December 1957 concerning the extension of the Convention to the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba. The arrangement entered into force on 1 May 1994.

This arrangement will enter into force on 1 June 1994.

Declaration contained in a Note Verbale from the Permanent Representation of the Netherlands, dated 12 December 1994, registered at the Secretariat General on 15 December 1994:

For the sake of clearness, the following clause is added to the declaration made on 15 October 1987:

(... is requested) and in so far as such foreigners are not expected to lose their right of residence in the Kingdom as a result of the imposition of a penalty or measure subsequent to their extradition.

Note from the Secretariat: the declaration relating to Article 6 reads as follows:

The Netherlands Government will not grant extradition of its own nationals. As regards the Netherlands, “nationals” for the purposes of the Convention are to be understood as meaning persons of Netherlands nationality as well as foreigners integrated into the Netherlands community insofar as they can be prosecuted within the Netherlands for the act in respect of which extradition is requested and in so far as such foreigners are not expected to lose their right of residence in the Kingdom as a result of the imposition of a penalty or measure subsequent to their extradition.