I, DANIEL MORRISSEY, Minister for Industry and Commerce, in exercise of the powers conferred by the Air Navigation and Transport Acts, 1936 to 1950, hereby order as follows :—

PART I. PRELIMINARY.

1 Short title and Commencement.

1.—(1) This Order may be cited as the Air Navigation (Personnel Licensing) Order, 1951.

(2) This Order, so far as it relates to flight radio operators shall come into operation on the first day of April, 1951.

(3) Subject to paragraph (2), this Order shall come into operation on the first day of July, 1951.

2 Definitions.

2.—(1) In this Order " aerial work aircraft " means an aircraft, not being a public transport aircraft, which is being flown for payment required to be made to the operator of the aircraft, being a payment for the flight or in respect of the purpose for which the flight is undertaken ;

" aircraft " includes gliders ;

" approved training " means training carried out under curricula and supervision acceptable to the Minister ;

" competent licensing authority " means the authority designated by a State as responsible for the licensing of aviation personnel ;

" co-pilot " means a licensed pilot serving in any piloting capacity other than as pilot in command, but excludes a pilot on board the aircraft for the sole purpose of receiving flight instruction ;

" dual instruction time " means flight time during which a person is receiving flight instruction from a pilot on board the aircraft ;

" duly authorised instructor " means a person who holds a current pilot's licence endorsed with a flight instructor rating in accordance with the provisions of this Order ;

" flight crew member " means a licensed member of the crew charged with duties essential to the operation of the aircraft during the time defined as flight time ;

" flight time " means the total time from the moment the aircraft first moves under its own power for the purpose of taking off until the moment it comes to rest at the end of the flight ;

" glider " means a non-power-driven heavier-than-air aircraft, deriving its lift in flight chiefly from aerodynamic reactions on surfaces which remain fixed under given conditions of flight ;

" goods " includes mails ;

" instrument time " means instrument flight time or instrument ground time ;

" instrument flight time " means time during which a pilot is piloting an aircraft solely by reference to instruments and without external reference points ;

" instrument ground time " means time during which a pilot is practising, on the ground, simulated instrument flight on a mechanical device acceptable to the Minister ;

" instrument flight rules " means the rules contained in Section IV of the Air Navigation (Rules of the Air) Order, 1949 ( S.I. No. 96 of 1949 ) ;

" Minister " means the Minister for Industry and Commerce

" night " means the period commencing at the end of evening nautical twilight and terminating at the beginning of morning nautical twilight ;

" pilot " means manipulate the flight controls of an aircraft during flight time and cognate words shall be construed accordingly ;

" pilot in command " means the pilot responsible for the operation and safety of the aircraft during flight time ;

" prescribed " means prescribed by a direction given by the Minister under this Order ;

" private aircraft " means an aircraft which is neither a public transport aircraft nor an aerial work aircraft ;

" public transport aircraft " means aircraft carrying passengers or goods for hire or reward or, if the carriage is effected by an air transport undertaking, whether for hire or reward or not ;

" solo flight time " means flight time during which a pilot is the sole occupant of an aircraft ;

" type " means aircraft or engines which, in the opinion of the Minister, are of the same basic design, including all modifications thereto, except those modifications which in the opinion of the Minister result in a material change in flight or operating characteristics or maintenance requirements ;

(2) Directions under this Order may be given in the form of Notices to Airmen (" NOTAMS ") Civil Aviation Bulletins, or Notices to Aircraft Owners and Aircraft Engineers.

(3) References to carriage for hire or reward include references to—

(a) the carriage of persons in an aircraft for the purposes of undergoing instruction in flying for which payment is made ;

(b) the carriage of persons or goods in an aircraft for valuable consideration.

(4) In relation to the carrying of a person in an aircraft for the purpose of undergoing instruction, payment shall be deemed to be made for the instruction if any sum is paid or payable in respect of the particular flight by any person either to the instructor himself or to any person by whom the instructor is employed or to whom he gives his services as an instructor, or if the instructor is employed for reward to instruct persons in flying aircraft.

3 Purpose of Order.

3. This Order is for the purpose of giving effect to Annex 1 of the Chicago Convention referred to in the Air Navigation and Transport Act, 1946 (No. 23 of 1946).

4 References to prescribed certificates of competency and licences in Regulations of 1930.

4. In the Air Navigation (General) Regulations, 1930 ( S. R. & O. No. 26 of 1930 ), references to prescribed certificates of competency and licences shall be construed as meaning, in relation to aircraft registered in the State, licences granted or validated under this Order, or granted or validated under those Regulations and continued in force by virtue of the provisions of this Order.

5 References to persons licensed for the inspection of aircraft under Regulations of 1930.

5. In the Air Navigation (General) Regulations, 1930, references to persons licensed or authorised under those Regulations for the purpose of carrying out inspections of aircraft shall be construed as meaning aircraft maintenance engineers holding licences granted or validated under this Order, or granted or validated under those Regulations and continued in force by virtue of the provisions of this Order.

6 Amendments of Regulations of 1930.

6. The Air Navigation (General) Regulations, 1930, are hereby amended—

(a) by the deletion, in the definition of " passenger aircraft " contained in Regulation 4, of all words from " save only that " to the end of the definition, and

(b) by the deletion of Regulations 16 (1) (c), 16 (3), 17 (1) (d), 17 (4), 23 (1), 23 (2), 25 (1) (d), 33 (3), 36, 37, 41 (3), and 44 to 56.

7 Revocation of Directions.

7. The following Directions are hereby revoked—

Air Navigation (Navigators' Licences) Directions, 1937 to 1947 ;

Air Navigation (Validation of Pilots Licences) Directions, 1939 ;

Pilots' Licences (Provisions as to Grant) Directions, 1946 ;

Directions relating to the Grant of Flying Instructors' Licences.

PART II. GENERAL.

8 Flight crew members to be licensed.

8.—(1) Subject to the provisions of this Order, no person shall act as pilot, flight navigator, flight engineer, flight radio operator or other flight crew member of an aircraft registered in the State unless such person is the holder of a current licence in respect of the capacity in which he is acting, granted or validated by the Minister under the provisions of this Order.

(2) No person shall, within the State, act as pilot, flight navigator, flight engineer, flight radio operator or other flight crew member of an aircraft registered in any other State unless such person is the holder of a current licence in respect of the capacity in which he is acting, granted or validated by the competent licensing authority of the State in which the aircraft is registered.

(3) No aircraft shall fly unless every flight crew member thereof is the holder of the licence which he is required to hold under the provisions of this Article.

(4) In this Article the expression " licence in respect of the capacity in which he is acting " means a licence entitling the holder thereof to act in that capacity having regard to the privileges and limitations relating to the licence, to the rating or ratings endorsed thereon and to the circumstances of the flight on which the holder of the licence is acting as a flight crew member.

(5) This Article shall not apply to a person acting as pilot of a glider which is being flown as a private aircraft.

(6) Subject to and in accordance with the provisions of this Order, the Minister may grant a licence to any person applying therefor, who satisfies the requirements set out in the appropriate Schedule hereto, to act in any of the capacities specified in paragraph (1) of this Article.

9 Continuance in force of existing licences, etc.

9.—(1) A licence to act in any of the capacities specified in paragraph (1) of Article 8 granted under the provisions of the Air Navigation (General) Regulations, 1930, shall, if current on the first day of July, 1951, continue in force for the period specified therein, and, if it had expired not earlier than one month before that date, may be renewed for a further period. Each such licence may thereafter be renewed from time to time so as to remain in force until a date not later than the thirty-first day of December, 1951.

(2) A person who on the first day of April, 1951, is the holder of one of the following certificates issued by the Minister for Posts and Telegraphs—

(a) a general certificate of proficiency in radiotelephony ; or

(b) a certificate of proficiency in radiotelegraphy (aeronautical mobile) ; or

(c) a certificate of proficiency in radiotelegraphy endorsed in respect of the special provisions governing the radio-electric service in air navigation

and who, as regards (a), meets the requirements as to experience set out in subparagraph (2) of paragraph 2 of Schedule IV hereto, and as regards (b) or (c), meets the requirements as to experience set out in subparagraph (4) of the said paragraph, shall be deemed to be the holder of a licence entitling him to act in the capacity of flight radiotelephony operator or flight radiotelegraphy operator as the case may be, until a date not later than the first day of July, 1951.

10 Piloting of aircraft by unlicensed persons.

10.—(1) A person may act as pilot of an aircraft without being the holder of a licence to act in that capacity—

(a) subject to the provisions of paragraph (2) of this Article, if he is undergoing dual instruction for the purpose of obtaining a student pilot's licence ;

(b) subject to the provisions of paragraph (3) of this Article, if he is flying for the purpose of becoming qualified for the grant or renewal of a pilot's licence (other than a student pilot's licence) and was within the immediately preceding six months the holder of a pilot's licence (other than a student pilot's licence) or was serving as a pilot in the Defence Forces of the State and has not, so far as he is aware, suffered any decrease in medical fitness which would render him unable to meet the medical requirements specified in this Order as appropriate to the class of licence for which he desires to qualify ;

(c) subject to the provisions of paragraph (4) of this Article, if he is acting as pilot under the observation or supervision of an official examiner on a flight forming part of the tests of skill prescribed for the grant of a licence and being undertaken on the instructions of such examiner.

(2) The following conditions shall apply to any flight made in accordance with subparagraph (a) of paragraph (1) of this Article—

(a) the person undergoing instruction shall be not less than sixteen years of age ;

(b) the person undergoing instruction shall be accompanied in the aircraft by a duly authorised instructor ;

(d) no other person, except a duly authorised instructor, shall be carried in the aircraft.

(3) The following conditions shall apply to any flight made in accordance with subparagraph (b) of paragraph (1) of this Article—

(a) no other person, except a flight crew member, shall be carried in the aircraft ;

(b) each flight shall be made in accordance with instructions given by a duly authorised instructor and shall terminate at the aerodrome of departure, provided, however, that intermediate practice landings may be made elsewhere if made in accordance with such instructions ;

(4) The following conditions shall apply to any flight made in accordance with subparagraph (c) of paragraph (1) of this Article—

(a) the person making the flight shall be not less than seventeen years of age ;

(b) no other person, except a flight crew member or an official examiner, shall be carried in the aircraft.

11 Medical fitness.

11.—(1) Every person applying for a licence to act in any capacity as a flight crew member will be required to meet the medical requirements specified in the appropriate Part of this Order.

(2) The holder of a licence shall not act in the capacity for which he is licensed during any period in which he is aware of any illness or decrease in medical fitness which would render him unable to meet, for the time being, the aforesaid medical requirements.

(3) The holder of a licence shall make a declaration to the Minister—

(a) immediately, of any accident which may occur to him during the performance of his duties, or of any accident which may otherwise occur to him and which involves any incapacity for work ;

(b) of any illness involving incapacity for work during twenty days or more, as soon as the period of twenty days has elapsed,

and shall not act in the capacity for which he is licensed until he has furnished a medical report, giving the nature of the injury or illness, the treatment received and his present condition and has, in the light of such report, either been medically re-examined and declared fit so to act or has been informed by the Minister that such medical re-examination is not required.

(4) The holder of a licence may be required by the Minister to submit himself from time to time to further medical examinations carried out in accordance with arrangements approved by the Minister.

12 Aircraft Maintenance engineers to be licensed.

12.—(1) Subject to the provisions of this Article, no person may inspect or certify aircraft as required by the relevant provisions of the Air Navigation (General) Regulations, 1930, unless such person is the holder of a current licence to act in the capacity of aircraft maintenance engineer, granted or validated by the Minister under the provisions of this Order.

(2) An aircraft registered in the State may, when within the territory of such other State as may be prescribed, and subject to such conditions as may be prescribed, be inspected and certified by the holder of an aircraft maintenance engineer's licence granted or validated by the competent licensing authority of such other State.

(3) A licence to inspect or certify aircraft as referred to in paragraph (1) of this Article which was granted under the provisions of the Air Navigation (General) Regulations, 1930, and which is current on the first day of July, 1951, shall continue in force for the period specified therein, and may thereafter be renewed from time to time so as to remain in force until a date not later than the thirty-first day of December, 1951.

(4) Subject to and in accordance with the provisions of this Order, the Minister may grant a licence to any person applying therefor, who satisfies the requirements set out herein, to act in the capacity of aircraft maintenance engineer for the purpose of enabling such person to perform, in connection with the overhaul, modification, repair and maintenance of aircraft, the inspections and certification required by the relevant provisions of the Air Navigation (General) Regulations, 1930.)

13 Duration of licenses.

13. A licence granted under this Order shall remain valid for such period as may be shown therein, provided that such period shall not exceed the period set out below in respect of the particular class of licence :—

Student pilot's licence	{	If the applicant's age is under 35 years; 24 months.
Private pilot's licence	If the applicant's age is over 35 years; 12 months.

Commercial glider pilot's licence		6 months
Commercial pilot's licence
Senior Commercial pilot's licence
Airline Transport pilot's licence
Flight navigator's licence
Flight engineer's licence
Flight radio operator's licence
Aircraft maintenance engineer's licence

14 Renewal of licences.

14.—(1) A licence may be renewed by the Minister, on the expiration of its period of validity or at any time thereafter, on application being made by the holder thereof.

(2) An applicant for the renewal of a licence will be required to satisfy the requirements as to recent experience set out in the appropriate Schedule hereto, provided that if he is unable so to do, the licence may nevertheless be renewed if the applicant satisfies the Minister by examination, test or otherwise that he has maintained his competency.

(3) Notwithstanding the provisions of the last preceding paragraph, the Minister may require an applicant for the renewal of a licence to comply with any or all of the requirements for the time being applicable to the grant of a licence of the same class.

(4) An applicant for the renewal of a licence will be required to meet the medical requirements specified in the appropriate Schedule hereto.

(5) The period for which a licence may be renewed shall not exceed the appropriate period set out in Article 13, and may be limited to such shorter period as the Minister may determine.

15 Rating of licences.

15.—(1) A licence to act in the capacity of pilot, flight engineer or aircraft maintenance engineer shall at the time of the grant thereof be rated in accordance with the provisions of this Order.

(2) Additional ratings may be endorsed on a licence at any time during its currency on the holder thereof satisfying the appropriate requirements set out herein.

(3) The Minister may at any time cancel or vary any rating endorsed on a licence if he is not satisfied that the holder thereof continues to be competent to hold, or to perform the duties appropriate to, such rating or to perform any particular duty appropriate to such rating, as the case may be.

(4) (a) The holder of a pilot's licence may, within the State, act as pilot in command of an aircraft of a class or type other than a class or type for which the licence is rated for the purpose of becoming qualified for an additional rating pursuant to paragraph (2) of this Article, subject to the following conditions :—

(i) if the licence is not a licence entitling the holder to act as pilot in command of a public transport aircraft, no other person, except a flight crew member or an official examiner, shall be carried in the aircraft ;

(ii) if the licence is a licence entitling the holder to act as pilot in command of a publictransport aircraft, no other person except a flight crew member, an official examiner or a person carried with the consent of the operator of the aircraft for the purpose of being trained to perform duties as a flight crew member, shall be carried in the aircraft.

(b) The holder of a flight engineer's licence may act in that capacity in an aircraft of a type other than a type for which the licence is rated if he is so acting under the direct supervision of the flight engineer of that aircraft.

16 Instruction in flying.

16. No person shall fly within the State in any aircraft for the purpose of giving instruction in flying to another person carried therein for the purpose of becoming qualified for the grant or renewal of a pilot's licence or for a rating or an additional rating unless—

(a) the first-mentioned person (hereinafter referred to as the instructor) holds a current pilot's licence granted or validated by the Minister under this Order and rated for the type of aircraft in the flying of which the instruction is to be given ; and

(b) the licence held by the instructor is a licence entitling him to act as pilot in command of a public transport aircraft ; and

(c) the instructor is authorised, by a flight instructor rating endorsed by the Minister on the licence or on the validation of the licence, as the case may require, to give instruction in flying aircraft of the type in the flying of which the instruction is to be given ;

provided that—

(i) the requirement in paragraph (b) of this Article shall not apply in a case where the operator of the aircraft concerned is a flying club of which both the instructor and the said other person are members ;

(ii) the requirement in paragraph (c) of this Article shall not apply in a case where the instruction is given by a person employed by an air transport undertaking in the course of training another person, who holds a pilot's licence and who is employed by the same undertaking, to become qualified for an additional rating under a training scheme established by the said undertaking and approved by the Minister.

17 Grant of flight instructor rating.

17.—(1) The Minister may grant to the holder of a current pilot's licence granted or validated by him a flight instructor rating on such holder's applying therefor and satisfying the requirements for the grant of such rating as set out in Part VII of Schedule I hereto.

(2) A flight instructor rating shall specify the type of aircraft in which the holder of the licence is authorised to give instructionin flying, and such rating may be extended by the Minister to cover the giving of instruction in the flying of aircraft of any other type on such a holder's applying therefor and satisfying the requirements for the extension of such rating as set out in Part VII of Schedule I hereto.

(3) A flight instructor rating may be varied, cancelled or suspended by the Minister but subject to any variation, cancellation or suspension shall remain valid for such period not exceeding twelve months, as may be shown therein, and may be renewed by the Minister on the expiration of its period of validity or at any time thereafter on the holder's satisfying the requirements for renewal set out in Part VII of Schedule I hereto.

(4) The Minister may require an applicant for the renewal of a flight instructor rating to comply with any or all of the requirements for the time being applicable to the grant of such rating.

(5) A flight instructor rating shall not be granted if the Minister is satisfied that the holder of the licence is not a fit and proper person to give instruction in flying.

18 Flight under instrument fliight rules.

18.—(1) No person shall act as pilot in command of an aircraft or as co-pilot in a public transport aircraft required to be operated with a co-pilot, being an aircraft registered in the State, under instrument flight rules unless such person is authorised so to act by a current instrument rating endorsed by the Minister on the licence held by such person or on the validation of such licence, as the case may require.

(2) The Minister may grant to the holder of a current pilot's licence granted or validated by him an instrument rating on such holder's applying therefor and satisfying the requirements for the grant of such rating as set out in Part VIII of Schedule I hereto.

(3) An instrument rating shall remain valid for such period, not exceeding twelve months, as may be shown therein, and may be renewed by the Minister on the expiration of its period of validity or at any time thereafter on the holder's satisfying the requirements for renewal set out in Part VIII of Schedule I hereto.

(4) The Minister may require an applicant for the renewal of an instrument rating to comply with any or all of the requirements for the time being applicable to the grant of such rating.

(5) An instrument rating may be cancelled or suspended by the Minister if he is satisfied that the holder thereof is no longer competent to hold such rating.

(6) The Minister may at any time require the holder of an instrument rating to undergo a practical test for the purpose of demonstrating that he continues to maintain his competency to act as pilot in an aircraft under instrument flight rules.

19 Privileges of licences.

19.—(1) Subject to the provisions of this Order, the holder of a licence may act in the capacity for which he is licensed only to the extent to which he is entitled so to act by the privileges appropriate to the licence as set out in this Order, and shall not exercise any other privileges.

(2) The Minister may, at the time of the grant or renewal of a licence or at any time during a period for which it remains in force, impose such special limitations on or in connection with the exercise of the privileges conferred by the licence as he may in the particular case think fit. Any such limitations shall be endorsed on the licence and may at any time be removed by the Minister on his being satisfied that they are no longer necessary.

20 Validation of licences granted by foreign States.

20.—(1) The Minister may, subject to such limitations and conditions as he shall think fit and to the provisions of this Article, validate any current licence granted by the competent licensing authority in any foreign State, and such validation shall confer on such licence the same validity in relation to aircraft registered in the State as if it had been granted under this Order.

(2) A validation under the preceding paragraph may be granted for such period as the Minister may think fit, but in no case shall such period extend beyond the date of expiry of the licence as shown thereon at the date of validation.

(3) Every validation under this Article shall be attached to the licence to which it relates and shall remain so attached during the period for which the validation has been granted.

(4) The Minister may require any person applying for a validation to undergo such examination or test as he may deem necessary in the particular case.

21 Production of licences.

21. Every person who is required by the provisions of this Order to hold a licence and who is required by—

(a) a person authorised for the purpose of this Article by the Minister, or

(b) a member of the Garda Siochana,

to produce such licence for inspection by such person or such member shall forthwith produce such licence for such inspection.

22 Examinations and tests.

22.—(1) The Minister may, at his discretion, exempt any person from any examination or test required under the provisions of this Order if such person has established to the satisfaction of the Minister that he possesses the required knowledge or skill, as the case may be.

(2) All examinations and tests required under the provisions of Schedules I to III and Schedule V to this Order shall be conductedby the Minister or by persons authorised by him in that behalf and as to whose qualifications for the purpose the Minister is satisfied.

(3) Examinations and tests required under the provisions of Schedule IV to this Order shall be conducted by the Minister for Posts and Telegraphs.

(4) Candidates for such examinations and tests shall pay to the Minister for Posts and Telegraphs such fees as he may require under the Wireless Telegraphy Act, 1926 .

23 Log books.

23.—(1) Every person licensed under the provisions of this Order to act in any of the capacities specified in paragraph (1) of Article 8 of this Order shall keep a record of his flights in a log book in such form as may be required or approved by the Minister.

(2) Entries in pilots' log books shall be made in conformity with the requirements of Schedule VI to this Order.

(3) Entries in every log book shall be made in ink, and shall be kept up to date.

(4) Every log book kept under this Article shall be preserved for a period of two years from the date of the last entry therein.

(5) No person shall—

(a) destroy, deface, disfigure, mutilate, alter or render illegible any log book kept under this Article or any entry made pursuant to this Article in any such log book ; or

(b) wilfully make or procure to be made or assist in the making of any entry therein which is, to the knowledge of such person, false or fraudulent.

(6) Every person who is required by the provisions of this Article to keep a log book and who is required by—

(a) a person authorised for the purpose of this Article by the Minister, or

(b) a member of the Garda Siochana,

to produce for inspection by such person or such member any log book kept by him shall within a reasonable time produce for such inspection any log book wherein any entry was made within the period of two years next before the date of the request.

24 Applications for grant, etc., of licences.

24.—(1) Every applicant for the grant, renewal, validation or rating of a licence shall make application in such form and shall furnish such particulars as the Minister may from time to time require.

(2) The Minister may require any such applicant to produce documentary or other evidence in support of any particulars given in the application form or of any statement made in relation to the application.

25 Endorsement, revocation and suspension of licences.

25. The Minister may, on sufficient ground being shown to his satisfaction after due investigation by him, endorse or revoke any licence granted by him under the provisions of this Order or of the Air Navigation (General) Regulations, 1930, and may suspend any such licence for such period as he may deem fit.

26 Surrender of licence documents.

26. Every revocation or suspension of any licence under the preceding Article shall be communicated in writing by the Minister to the holder of such licence and such holder shall forthwith deliver up such licence to the Minister.

27 Limitation on grant or renewal of licences.

27. The Minister shall not grant or renew a licence to any person applying therefor if he is not satisfied that such person is a fit and proper person to hold a licence.

28 Refusal of grant or renewal of licences.

28. In any particular case the Minister may refuse to grant or renew a licence if in the circumstances of the case it appears to him to be inexpedient in the public interest that a licence should be granted or renewed, as the case may be.

29 Signature of licences.

29. On the grant of a licence to an applicant he shall forthwith sign his name on the licence with his ordinary signature in ink.

30 Forgery, etc., of licences.

30. No person shall—

(a) forge or fraudulently alter or procure to be forged or fraudulently altered or assist in forging or fraudulently altering any licence required by this Order, or

(b) fraudulently use any licence granted under this Order to which he is not entitled, or

(d) fraudulently lend any such licence to any other person or fraudulently allow or permit any such licence to be used by any other person.

31 False representations.

31. No person shall make, procure to be made, or assist in making any false representations for the purpose of procuring either for himself or any other person the grant, validation or renewal of a licence.

32 Exemption from Order.

32. The Minister may by written authority exempt from the provisions of this Order or any of them any aircraft or persons or classes of aircraft or persons and such exemption may in any particular case be subject to any conditions or limitations which in the circumstances of that case may appear to him to be required.

33 Application of Order.

33. This Order shall apply to any licence granted or validated under the Air Navigation (General) Regulations, 1930, as it applies to a licence granted or validated under this Order.

PART III. PILOTS' LICENCES.

34 Classification of licences.

34. Pilots' licences shall be classified as follows :—

Student pilot's licence.

Private pilot's licence.

Commercial glider pilot's licence.

Commercial pilot's licence.

Senior Commercial pilot's licence.

Airline Transport pilot's licence.

35 Age limits.

35. Applicants for the grant of pilots' licences shall be not less than the ages respectively shown hereunder on the date of application :—

Student pilot	16 years
Private pilot	17 years
Commercial glider pilot	19 years
Commercial pilot	18 years
Senior Commercial pilot	21 years
Airline Transport pilot	21 years

36 Medical requirements.

36.—(1) Subject to the provisions of paragraph 3 of Schedule VII hereto applicants for the grant of pilots' licences shall meet the following standards of medical requirements set out in that Schedule:—

		Physical requirement	Visual requirement	Colour perception requirement	Hearing requirement
Student pilot	}	No. 3	No. 3	No. 2	No. 4
Private pilot
Commercial glider pilot	}
Commercial pilot
Senior Commercial pilot	}	"1	"1	"2	"1
Airline Transport pilot

(2) An applicant for the grant of a student pilot's or private pilot's licence shall be examined by a registered medical practitioner, who may be the applicant's usual medical attendant. The medical examination shall be conducted in accordance with the form of medical report approved for the purpose by the Minister, to whom the report shall be furnished by the medical examiner on completion of the medical examination.

(3) Applicants for the grant of commercial glider pilots', commercial pilots', senior commercial pilots' and airline transport pilots' licences shall undergo a medical examination conducted by specially qualified medical officers in accordance with arrangements made by the Minister.

(4) An applicant for the grant of an instrument rating who is the holder of a private pilot's licence or a commercial pilot's licence shall undergo a test of auditory acuity conducted by specially qualified medical officers in accordance with arrangements made by the Minister.

37 Technical requirements.

37.—(1) Every applicant for the grant or renewal of a pilot's licence or for an additional rating thereon shall meet the respective requirements set out in the appropriate Part of Schedule I hereto.

(2) Evidence of flying experience shall be in the form of a record in the pilot's log book or in such other form as the Minister may in the particular case require or approve.

38 Aircraft ratings

38.—(1) Aircraft ratings shall comprise :—

(a) category rating ;

(b) class rating ;

(2) Category ratings shall comprise :—

(a) aeroplane ;

(b) gyroplane ;

(d) glider.

(3) Class ratings shall comprise :—

(a) single-engined, land ;

(b) single-engined, sea ;

(d) multi-engined, sea ;

and shall in each case be sub-divided as follows :—

(i) Piston-engined ;

(ii) Turbin e-engined with turbo-propellor engine(s) ;

(iii) Turbine-engined with turbo-jet engine(s).

(4) Type ratings shall comprise endorsements on the licence specifying the type or types of aircraft in which the holder of the licence may act as pilot in command.

39 Endorsement of rating on licences.

39. Every pilot's licence (other than a student pilot's licence) shall at the time of the grant thereof be endorsed with an aircraft rating appropriate to the category, class and type of aircraft on which the applicant has demonstrated his skill or in respect of which he has otherwise satisfied the Minister as to his competency to fly, provided that if such licence is a private pilot's licence the reference herein to the type of aircraft shall not apply unless the maximum total authorised weight of the aircraft to which the aircraft rating relates exceeds 12,500 lb. or the aircraft is an unconventional type.

40 Flight instructor rating.

40. An applicant for a flight instructor rating shall meet the requirements set out in Part VII of Schedule I hereto.

41 Instrument rating.

41. An applicant for an instrument rating shall meet the requirements set out in Part VIII of Schedule I hereto.

42 Night rating.

42. The holder of a private pilot's licence who desires to obtain a night rating shall meet the requirements set out in paragraph 4 of Part II of Schedule I hereto.

43 Privileges and limitations.

43.—(1) Student Pilot—The holder of a student pilot's licence may act as pilot in command of an aircraft only under the following conditions :—

(a) all flights shall be made under the supervision of, and in accordance with instructions given by, a duly authorised instructor ;

(b) all flights shall be made within the territorial limits of the State ;

(d) no flight may be made at night ;

(e) no cross-country flight may be undertaken unless and until a duly authorised instructor has, by a certificate written in ink and signed by him in the pilot's log book, certified that the holder of the licence—

(i) has passed to the satisfaction of such instructor an examination in air navigation regulations, rules of the air and air traffic control procedures, elementary map-reading and the use of the compass in flight ; and

(ii) is competent to undertake cross-country flight.

(2) Private pilot—The holder of a private pilot's licence may act as—

(a) pilot in command of any private aircraft, of the category and class specified in the aircraft rating on his licence, which does not exceed a maximum total authorised weight of 12,500 lb. ;

(b) pilot in command of private aircraft of the type or types specified in the aircraft rating on his licence ;

He may not carry passengers by night unless his licence bears a night rating and he has, within the six months immediately preceding the flight on which passengers are to be carried, made by night not less than five take-offs and five landings.

(3) Commercial Glider Pilot—The holder of a commercial glider pilot's licence may act as pilot in command, or as co-pilot, of any glider—

(a) of a type specified in the aircraft rating on his licence, or

(b) of which the maximum total authorised weight does not exceed 1,250 lb.

(4) Commercial Pilot—The holder of a commercial pilot's licence may.—

(a) exercise the privileges of a private pilot in aircraft of the type or types specified in the aircraft rating on his licence, and in any aircraft not exceeding a maximum total authorised weight of 12,500 lb. of the category and class specified in the aircraft rating on his licence ;

(b) act as pilot in command of aerial work aircraft of the type or types specified in the aircraft rating on his licence ;

(c) act as pilot in command of public transport aircraft not employed on regular airline services of the type or types specified in the aircraft rating on his licence which do not exceed a maximum total authorised weight of 12,500 lb. ;

(d) act as co-pilot of.—

(i) public transport aircraft of the type or types specified in the aircraft rating on his licence ; and

(ii) public transport aircraft (not carrying passengers) and aerial work aircraft of the category and class specified in the aircraft rating on his licence.

He may not act as pilot in command of any aircraft carrying passengers at night unless he has, within the period of six months immediately preceding the flight on which passengers are to be carried, made by night at least ten take-offs and ten landings.

(5) Senior Commercial Pilot—The holder of a senior commercial pilot's licence may—

(a) exercise the privileges of a private pilot in aircraft of the type or types specified in the aircraft rating on his licence, and in any aircraft, not exceeding a maximum total authorised weight of 12,500 lb., of the category and class specified in the aircraft rating on his licence ;

(b) act as pilot in command of aerial work aircraft of the type or types specified in the aircraft rating on his licence ;

(c) act as pilot in command of public transport aircraft of the type or types specified in the aircraft rating on his licence which do not exceed a maximum total authorised weight of—

(i) if the aircraft is carrying passengers—15,000 lb. ;

(ii) if the aircraft is not carrying passengers—30,000 lb.

(d) act as co-pilot of—

(i) public transport aircraft of the type or types specified in the aircraft rating on his licence ;

(ii) public transport aircraft (not carrying passengers) and aerial work aircraft of the category and class specified in the aircraft rating on his licence ;

(e) adjust and compensate magnetic compasses and certify to that effect on the deviation cards.

(6) Airline Transport Pilot—The holder of an airline transport pilot's licence may—

(b) act as pilot in command of aerial work aircraft of the type or types specified in the aircraft rating on his licence ;

(c) act as pilot in command of public transport aircraft of the type or types specified in the aircraft rating on his licence ;

(d) act as co-pilot of—

(i) public transport aircraft of the type or types specified in the aircraft rating on his licence ;

(ii) public transport aircraft (not carrying passengers) and aerial work aircraft of the category and class specified in the aircraft rating on his licence ;

(e) adjust and compensate magnetic compasses and certify to that effect on the deviation cards.

(7) Instrument Rating—The holder of a pilot's licence which is endorsed with an instrument rating may exercise the privileges of his licence under instrument flight rules.

(8) Flight Instructor Rating—The holder of a pilot's licence which is endorsed with a flight instructor rating may—

(a) supervise and authorise solo flights by student pilots ;

(b) undertake the flight instruction required for the grant or renewal of a pilot's licence or for a rating or an extension of a rating.

PART IV. FLIGHT NAVIGATOR'S LICENCES.

44 Age limit.

44. Applicants for the grant of flight navigators' licences shall be not less than 21 years of age on the date of application.

45 Medical requirements

45.—(1) Applicants for the grant of flight navigators' licences shall meet the following standards of medical requirements set out in Schedule VII hereto :—

Physical requriement	Visual requirement	Colour perception requirement
No. 2	No. 2	No. 2	No. 2

(2) Applicants for the grant of flight navigators' licences shall undergo a medical examination conducted by specially qualified medical officers in accordance with arrangements made by the Minister.

46 Technical requirement

46.—(1) Every applicant for the grant of a flight navigator's licence shall, to the satisfaction of the Minister, pass examinations and tests and produce evidence of navigational experience, in accordance with the requirements of knowledge, experience and skill set out in Schedule II hereto.

(2) Evidence of navigational experience shall be in the form of a record in the flight navigator's log book or in such other form as the Minister may in the particular case require or approve.

47 Privileges and limitations.

47. The holder of a flight navigator's licence may act as flight navigator in any aircraft provided that he has familiarised himself with all pertinent and current information relevant to the route to be flown. He may also adjust and compensate magnetic compasses and certify to that effect on the deviation cards.

PART V. FLIGHT ENGINEERS' LICENCES.

48 Age limit.

48. Applicants for the grant of flight engineers' licences shall be not less than 21 years of age on the date of application.

49 Medical requirements.

49.—(1) Applicants for the grant of flight engineers' licences shall meet the following standards of medical requirements set out in Schedule VII hereto :—

Physical requriement	Visual requirement	Colour perception requirement	Hearing requirement
No. 2	No. 2	No. 2	No. 3

(2) Applicants for the grant of flight engineers' licences shall undergo a medical examination conducted by specially qualified medical officers in accordance with arrangements made by the Minister.

50 Technical requirements

50.—(1) Every applicant for the grant of a flight engineer's licence shall, to the satisfaction of the Minister, pass examinations and tests and produce evidence of experience, in accordance with the requirements of knowledge, experience and skill set out in Schedule III hereto.

(2) Evidence of experience shall be in the form of a record in the flight engineer's log book or in such other form as the Minister may in the particular case require or approve.

51 Endorsement of rating on licence.

51.—(1) Every flight engineer's licence shall, at the time of the grant thereof, be endorsed with a rating for the particular type or types of aircraft, and the particular type or types of engines, in respect of which the applicant has satisfied the requirements specified in paragraph (1) of Article 50 of this Order.

(2) The holder of a flight engineer's licence who makes application for an additional rating shall meet the requirements specified in paragraph 4 of Schedule III hereto.

52 Privileges and limitations.

52.—The holder of a flight engineer's licence may act in the capacity of flight engineer in any aircraft of the type for which his licence is endorsed with a rating in accordance with the provisions of Article 51 of this Order.

PART VI. FLIGHT RADIO OPERATORS' LICENCES.

53 Classification of licences.

53. Flight radio operators' licences shall be classified as follows :—

Flight radiotelephony operator's licence (restricted).

Flight radiotelephony operator's licence (temporary).

Flight radiotelephony operator's licence (general).

Flight radiotelegraphy operator's licence (temporary).

Flight radiotelegraphy operator's licence.

54 Age limits.

54. Applicants for the grant of flight radio operators' licences shall be not less than the ages respectively shown hereunder on the date of application.

Flight radiotelephony operator (restricted)	16 years
Flight radiotelephony operator (temporary)	17 years
Flight radiotelephony operator (general)	18 years
Flight radiotelegraphy operator (temporary)	17 years
Flight radiotelegraphy operator	18 years

55 Medical requirements.

55.—(1) Subject to the provisions of paragraph 3 (2) of Schedule VII hereto, applicants for the grant of flight radio operators' licences shall meet the following standards of medical requirements set out in that Schedule :—

Physical requirement	Visual requirement	Colour perception requirement	Hearing requirement
No. 2	No. 2	No. 2	No. 1

(2) Every applicant for the grant of a flight radio operator's licence shall undergo a medical examination conducted by specially qualified medical officers in accordance with arrangements made by the Minister.

56 Technical requirements.

56.—(1) Every applicant for the grant of a flight radio operator's licence shall—

(a) furnish evidence that he has, to the satisfaction of the Minister for Posts and Telegraphs, passed examinations and tests in accordance with the requirements set out in Schedule IV hereto as appropriate to the class of licence sought ;

(b) except in the case of an applicant for a restricted or a temporary flight radio operator's licence, produce evidence of experience in accordance with the requirements se out in Schedule IV hereto.

(2) The evidence required under subparagraph (a) of paragraph (1) of this Article shall be in the form of a certificate of proficiency issued by the Minister for Posts and Telegraphs.

(3) The evidence required under subparagraph (b) of paragraph (1) of this Article shall be in the form of a record in the flight radio operator's log book or in such other form as the Minister may in the particular case require or approve.

57 Privileges and limitations.

57. Provided he has familiarised himself with all pertinent and current information regarding the type or types of radio equipment to be used and the operating procedures to be followed, the holder of a flight radio operator's licence may act as flight radio operator in accordance with the terms and classification of his licence as follows :—

(1) Flight radiotelephony operator (restricted).

The holder of the licence may operate radiotelephony apparatus on board aircraft other than public transport aircraft, and on board public transport aircraft when such aircraft are being flown solely for the purpose of giving instruction in flying to persons carried therein.

(2) Flight radiotelephony operator (temporary).

The holder of the licence may operate radiotelephony apparatus—

(a) on board aircraft other than public transport aircraft, and on board public transport aircraft when such aircraftare being flown solely for the purpose of giving instruction in flying to persons carried therein ;

(b) on board any public transport aircraft when under the supervision of a person who is the holder of either a flight radiotelegraphy operator's licence or a flight radiotelephony operator's licence (general).

(3) Flight radiotelephony operator (general).

The holder of the licence may operate radiotelephony apparatus on board any aircraft.

(4) Flight radiotelegraphy operator (temporary).

The holder of the licence may operate radiotelegraphy or radiotelephony apparatus—

(a) on board aircraft other than public transport aircraft, and on board public transport aircraft when such aircraft are being flown solely for the purpose of giving instruction in flying to persons carried therein ;

(b) on board any public transport aircraft when under the supervision of a person who is the holder of a flight radiotelegraphy operator's licence.

(5) Flight radiotelegraphy operator.

The holder of the licence may operate radiotelegraphy or radiotelephony apparatus on board any aircraft.

PART VII. AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEERS' LICENCES.

58 Age limit.

58. Applicants for the grant of aircraft maintenance engineers' licences shall be not less than 21 years of age on the date of application.

59 Categories of licences.

59. An aircraft maintenance engineer's licence may be granted in any one or more of the categories specified in Article 62 of this Order.

60 Technical requirements

60.—(1) Every applicant for the grant of an aircraft maintenance engineer's licence shall, to the satisfaction of the Minister, pass examination and tests and produce evidence of experience in accordance with the requirements of knowledge and experience set out in Schedule V hereto as appropriate to the category or categories in which the licence is sought.

(2) Evidence of experience shall be in the form of such documents, licences or certificates as the Minister may require.

61 Endorsement of rating on licence.

61.—(1) Every aircraft maintenance engineer's licence shall, at the time of the grant thereof, be endorsed with a rating for the particular class or classes or the particular type or types of aircraft or engines or the particular instruments or equipment in respect of whichthe holder of such licence may exercise the privileges, appropriate to the category or categories in which such licence has been granted, set out in Article 62 of this Order.

(2) The holder of an aircraft maintenance engineer's licence who makes application for an additional rating in any category shall meet the requirements set out in Schedule V hereto as appropriate to such category.

62 Privileges and limitations.

62.—(1) The holder of an aircraft maintenance engineer's licence may, in respect of the aircraft or engines or instruments or equipment as the case may be specified in the rating on his licence, exercise the privileges of certification shown hereunder as appropriate to the category or categories in which the licence has been granted :—

Category A.—Aircraft excluding engines.

(i) Certification as to fitness for flight of an aircraft for which a certificate of airworthiness is about to be granted.

(ii) Certification as to the safety for flight of public transport aircraft.

(iii) Certification of such work specified in approved maintenance manuals as may be appropriate to the category.

(iv) Certification of repairs approved as minor repairs.

(v) Certification of modifications approved as minor modifications.

(vi) Certification of replacement of approved components and parts.

In this category the word " aircraft " includes such instruments, components, accessories and equipment as may be prescribed.

Category B.—Aircraft excluding engines.

(i) Certification of aircraft after overhaul, including engine installation, except that the overhaul, repair or modification of the instruments, automatic pilots, variable-pitch propellers, or electrical equipment shall have been previously certified by a firm approved for the purpose or by an aircraft maintenance engineer who holds the appropriate licence in Category X.

(ii) Certification of approved repairs.

(iii) Certification of approved modifications.

(iv) Certification of the replacement of approved components and parts.

(v) Certification of the construction of components and parts and the materials used therefor, unless it is stated in the licence that this privilege is excluded.

Category C.—Engines.

(i) Certification as to fitness for flight of the engines in an aircraft for which a certificate of airworthiness is about to be granted.

(ii) Certification as to the safety for flight of engines in public transport aircraft.

(iii) Certification of such work specified in approved maintenance manuals as may be appropriate to the category.

(iv) Certification of the embodiment of approved modifications and the replacement of approved components and parts, provided that

(a) in the case of piston engines, the work has not involved dismantling the engine other than to obtain access to the pistons, cylinders and valve-operating gear ;

(b) in the case of turbine engines, the extent of replacement permitted to be certified shall be such as the Minister may prescribe.

In this category the word "engines" in sub-paragraphs (i) and (ii) includes such instruments, components, accessories and equipment as may be prescribed.

Category D.—Engines.

(i) Certification of engines after overhaul, except that the overhaul, repair or modification of magnetos and other ignition equipment shall have been previously certified by a firm approved for the purpose or by an aircraft maintenance engineer who holds a licence in Category X (2).

(ii) Certification of approved repairs.

(iii) Certification of approved modifications.

(iv) Certification of the replacement of approved components and parts.

(v) Certification of the construction of components and parts and the materials used therefor, unless it is stated in the licence that this privilege is excluded.

Category X (1).—Compasses.

Certification of the installation and the compensation of compasses.

Category X (2).—Ignition equipment.

Certification of overhauls, repairs, modifications or replacements to magnetos and other ignition equipment.

Category X (3).—Variable-pitch propellers.

Certification of overhauls, repairs, modifications or replacements to and installation of variable-pitch propellers.

Category X (4).—Instruments.

Certification of overhauls, repairs, modifications or replacements to and installation of aircraft instruments and engine instruments, including electrically operated instruments if the licence is so rated.

Category X (5).—Electrical equipment.

Certification of overhauls, repairs, modifications or replacements to and installation of electrical equipment.

Category X (6).—Automatic pilots.

Certification of overhauls, repairs, modifications or replacements to and installation of automatic pilots.

(2) In this Article the word " approved " means approved by the Minister.

(3) The holder of an aircraft maintenance engineer's licence granted or validated by the Minister under the provisions of this Order shall not when exercising the privileges of his licence, certify anything which he is not qualified by the terms and conditions of his licence to certify, or wilfully or negligently certify anything which he has not ascertained to be correct.

SCHEDULE I.

TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS.

PART I.

STUDENT PILOT.

The requirements for a student pilot's licence shall be as follows :—

1. Knowledge.

The applicant shall produce a certificate, signed by a duly authorised instructors that he has satisfied such instructor that he has an adequate knowledge of the rules of the air and the local control procedure.

2. Experience.

The applicant shall produce a certificate, signed by a duly authorised instructor, that he has completed satisfactorily a course of dual flight instruction and is in the opinion of such instructor competent to undertake solo flight.

3. Certification.

The certificates required under the preceding paragraphs shall be written in ink in the pilot's log book and shall be signed by the instructor whom the applicant has satisfied as to his knowledge and experience respectively.

4. Renewal of licence.

The applicant shall meet the medical requirements applicable to the grant of the licence as specified in Article 36 of this Order.

PART II.

PRIVATE PILOT.

The requirements for a private pilot's licence shall be as follows :—

1. Knowledge.

(1) The applicant shall pass an examination in the following subjects :—

(a) air navigation regulations, rules of the air and air traffic control, procedures relating to visual flight.

(b) the elementary principles of—

(i) aeronautical charts ;

(ii) meteorological information in relation to cross-country flights ;

(iii) the compass ;

(c) the theory of flight and characteristics, method of operation and operating limitations of aircraft, with particular reference to the aircraft for which the licence is sought.

(2) The examination in the foregoing subjects shall be based on such syllabus as may be prescribed from time to time.

2. Experience.

The applicant shall have completed not less than—

(a) 40 hours of combined dual instruction time and solo flight time, or 30 hours if he has satisfactorily completed a course of approved training, provided that—

(i) if the application for a licence relates to unconventional aeroplanes, the foregoing requirements may be modified in accordance with the degree of skill and experience deemed by the Minister to be necessary in the particular case ;

(ii) if the applicant has had experience in the piloting of gliders, the foregoing requirements may be reduced to such extent as the Minister may in the particular case deem appropriate ;

(b) The total flight time specified in (a) above shall include not less than 15 hours as pilot in command, of which at least 3 hours shall have been cross-country solo flight time performed within the six months immediately preceding the date of the application and shall have included one flight on a triangular course during which the aircraft landed and came to rest at two intermediate places one being not less than 50 nautical miles from the aerodrome of departure. A detailed log of the flight or flights comprising the 3 hours of cross-country flight time shall be kept in such form as the Minister may require and shall be furnished with the application for the licence.

3. Skill.

The applicant shall demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Minister, by undergoing such flying tests as may be prescribed from time to time, his familiarity with, and his ability to perform both normal and emergency flight manoeuvres appropriate to the category and class and, if necessary, the type of aircraft for which the licence is sought.

4. Night Rating.

The applicant shall have completed not less than 50 hours of combined dual instruction time and solo flight time, including—

(a) not less than 25 hours as pilot in command ;

(b) not less than 5 hours instrument flight instruction, of which not more than 2½ hours may have been acquired on mechanical devices acceptable to the Minister ;

(c) not less than 5 hours of night flight, including at least 5 flights as pilot in command, performed to the satisfaction of a duly authorised instructor within the six months immediately preceding the date of application.

5. Additional Ratings.

An applicant for an additional aircraft rating shall be required to satisfy the Minister as to his competence to fly aircraft of the category, class or type for which the additional rating is sought, and shall for this purpose comply with such requirements as to knowledge, experience and skill as may be prescribed from time to time.

6. Renewal of Licence.

(a) Medical examination.—The applicant shall meet the medical requirements applicable to the grant of the licence as specified in Article 36 of this Order ;

(b) Recent experience.—The applicant shall produce satisfactory evidence that he has had, during the twelve months immediately preceding the date of application for renewal, not less than 5 hours flight time as pilot in command, or 10 hours as co-pilot, or an equivalent amount of combined flight time as pilot in command and co-pilot, reckoning 2 hours co-pilot flight time as equivalent to 1 hour pilot in command flight time.

7. Renewal of Night Rating.

The applicant shall have made, during the six months immediately preceding the date of application for renewal, not less than five flights by night.

PART III.

COMMERCIAL GLIDER PILOT.

An applicant for a commercial glider pilot's licence shall meet such requirements as to knowledge, experience and skill as may be prescribed from time to time.

PART IV.

COMMERCIAL PILOT.

The requirements for a commercial pilot's licence shall be as follows :—

1. Knowledge.

(1) The applicant shall pass an examination in the following subjects :—

(a) aviation law ;

(b) flight operation ;

(d) meteorology ;

(e) the interpretation of visual and aural morse signals ;

(f) theory of flight and aircraft operating limitations ;

(g) aircraft equipment and installations ;

(h) the general aspects of airframe and power plant maintenance.

(2) The examination in the foregoing subjects shall be based on such syllabus as may be prescribed from time to time and shall, as regards (f), (g) and (h) have particular reference to the category, class and type or types of aircraft for which the licence is sought.

2. Experience.

(1) The applicant shall have completed a total of not less than 200 hours of flight time, or 150 hours if he has satisfactorily completed a course of approved training of which total not less than 100 hours shall have been as pilot in command, including—

(a) 20 hours cross-country flight time, including one flight of not less than 300 nautical miles in the course of which the aircraft shall have landed and come to rest at two intermediate points ;

(b) 10 hours night flight (of which 5 hours may have been dual flight time), including not less than ten take-offs and ten landings by night as sole manipulator of the controls ;

(c) 10 hours of instrument flight instruction, of which not more than 5 hours may have been acquired on mechanical devices acceptable to the Minister.

(d) not less than 10 hours flight time during the six months immediately preceding the date of application.

(2) For the purpose of calculating the total of 200 hours (or 150 hours) flight time specified in (1) above, the applicant may be credited with one-half of any flight time completed by him as co-pilot of an aircraft required to be operated with a co-pilot, provided that the total amount of flight time so credited shall not exceed 50 hours.

3. Skill.

The applicant shall demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Minister by undergoing such flying tests as may be prescribed, his ability to perform both normal and emergency flight manoeuvres appropriate to the category, class and type of aircraft for which the licence is sought.

4. Additional Ratings.

An applicant for an additional aircraft rating shall be required to satisfy the Minister as to his competence to fly the type of aircraft for which the additional rating is sought, and shall for this purpose comply with such requirements as to knowledge, experience and skill as may be prescribed.

5. Renewal of Licence.

(a) Medical examination.—The applicant shall meet the medical requirements applicable to the grant of the licence as specified in Article 36 of this Order ;

(b) Recent experience.—The applicant shall produce satisfactory evidence that he has had, during the six months immediately preceding the date of application for renewal, not less than 10 hours as pilot in command or 20 hours as co-pilot, or an equivalent amount of combined flight time as pilot in command and co-pilot, reckoning 2 hours co-pilot flight time as equivalent to 1 hour pilot in command flight time. He may also be required to produce evidence that he has had satisfactory recent flying experience as pilot on each type of aircraft for which renewal is sought.

PART V.

SENIOR COMMERCIAL PILOT.

The requirements for a senior commercial pilot's licence shall be as follows :—

1. Knowledge.

(1) The applicant shall pass an examination in the following subjects :—

(a) aviation law ;

(b) flight operation ;

(d) meteorology ;

(e) the interpretation of visual and aural morse signals ;

(f) theory of flight and aircraft operating limitations ;

(g) aircraft equipment and installations ;

(h) the general aspects of airframe and power plant maintenance.

2. Experience.

(1) The applicant shall have completed a total of not less than 700 hours of flight time, of which not less than 200 hours shall have been as pilot in command, including—

(a) at least 50 hours cross-country flight time ;

(b) at least 25 hours of night flight ;

(d) at least 10 hours flight time during the six months immediately preceding the date of the application.

(2) For the purpose of calculating the total of 700 hours flight time specified in (1) above, the applicant may be credited with one half of any flight time completed by him as co-pilot of an aircraft required to be operated with a co-pilot.

(3) The applicant shall have completed—

(a) not less than 40 hours of instrument time, of which not more than 20 hours may have been instrument ground time, or

(b) if he has satisfactorily completed a course of approved training, not less than 30 hours instrument time, of which not more than 10 hours may have been instrument ground time.

3. Skill.

The applicant shall demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Minister by undergoing such flying tests, including instrument flying tests, as may be prescribed, his ability to perform both normal and emergency flight manoeuvres appropriate to the category, class and type of aircraft for which the licence is sought.

4. Additional Ratings.

5. Renewal of Licence.

(a) Medical examination.—The applicant shall meet the medical requirements applicable to the grant of the licence as specified in Article 36 of this Order ;

(b) Recent experience.—The applicant shall produce satisfactory evidence that he has had, during the six months immediately preceding the date of application for renewal, not less than 12 hours as pilot in command or 24 hours as co-pilot, or an equivalent amount of combined flight time as pilot in command and co-pilot, reckoning 2 hours co-pilot flight time as equivalent to 1 hour pilot in command flight time. He may also be required to produce evidence that he has had satisfactory recent flying experience as pilot on each type of aircraft for which renewal is sought.

PART VI.

AIRLINE TRANSPORT PILOT.

The requirements for an airline transport pilot's licence shall be as follows :—

1. Knowledge.

(1) The applicant shall pass an examination in the following subjects :—

(a) aviation law ;

(b) flight operation ;

(d) meteorology ;

(e) the interpretation of visual and aura morse signals ;

(f) theory of flight and aircraft operating limitations ;

(g) aircraft equipment and installations ;

(h) the general aspects of airframe and power plant maintenance.

(2) The examination in the foregoing subjects shall be based on such syllabus as may be prescribed from time to time and shall, as regards (f), (g) and (h), have particular reference to the category, class and type or types of aircraft for which the licence is sought.

2. Experience.

(1) The applicant shall have completed a total of not less than 1,200 hours of flight time, of which—

(a) not less than 250 hours shall have been as pilot in command, including—

(i) at least 100 hours of cross-country flight time ;

(ii) at least 25 hours of cross-country night flight ;

(iii) at least 10 hours flight time during the six months immediately preceding the date of the application.

(b) not less than 100 hours shall have been night flight as pilot ;

(c) not less than 200 hours shall have been cross-country flight time as co-pilot of an aircraft required to be operated with a co-pilot ;

(2) For the purpose of calculating the total of 1,200 hours flight time specified in (1) above, the applicant may be credited with one half of any flight time completed by him as co-pilot of an aircraft required to be operated with a co-pilot.

(3) The applicant shall have completed not less than 75 hours of instrument time, of which not more than 25 hours may have been instrument ground time

(4) An applicant who has completed not less than 200 hours cross-country flight time as pilot in command may be exempted from the requirements specified in subparagraph (1) (c) above.

3. Skill.

4. Additional Ratings.

5. Renewal of Licence.

(a) Medical examination.—The applicant shall meet the medical requirements applicable to the grant of the licence as specified in Article 36 of this Order ;

(b) Recent experience.—The applicant shall produce satisfactory evidence that he has had, during the six months immediately preceding the date of application for renewal, not less than 15 hours as pilot in command or 30 hours asco-pilot, or an equivalent amount of combined flight time as pilot in command and co-pilot, reckoning 2 hours co-pilot flight time as equivalent to 1 hour pilot in command flight time. He may also be required to produce evidence that he has had satisfactory recent flying experience as pilot on each type of aircraft for which renewal is sought.

PART VII.

FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR RATING.

The requirements for a flight instructor rating shall be as follows :—

1. Qualification.

The applicant shall be the holder of a current private, commercial, senior commercial or airline transport pilot's licence, rated for the type of aircraft for which the flight instructor rating is sought.

2. Knowledge.

The applicant shall pass an oral examination on flight instruction in accordance with a syllabus approved by the Minister.

3. Experience.

(1) The applicant shall have completed a total of not less than 400 hours of flight time as pilot in command, or 300 hours if he has passed a recognised course of flight instruction, of which total at least 30 hours shall have been as pilot in command on the type of aircraft for which the rating is sought.

(2) The applicant shall be required to produce evidence of satisfactory recent experience on the type of aircraft for which the rating is sought.

4. Skill.

The applicant shall undergotests, with an official examiner on board, for the purpose of demonstrating his capacity and general suitability as a flight instructor.tests may be prescribed.

5. Extension of Rating.

An applicant for a flight instructor rating to cover an additional type of aircraft shall have completed at least 30 hours as pilot in command on that type, provided that this requirement may be modified to such extent as the Minister may determine having regard to the applicant's general experience, qualifications and competency. The applicant shall be required to produce evidence of satisfactory recent experience on the additional type and may, at the discretion of the Minister, be required to undergotests in accordance with paragraph 4 above.

6. Renewal of Rating.

The applicant shall produce satisfactory evidence that he has, within the twelve months immediately preceding the date of application for renewal, completed not less than 40 hours flight time as pilot in command, of which not less than 15 hours shall have been on a type of aircraft specified in the flight instructor rating on his licence. He may, at the discretion of the Minister, be required to undergo atest with an official examiner on board, for the purpose of demonstrating that he has maintained his competency as a flight instructor.

PART VIII.

INSTRUMENT RATING.

The requirements for an instrument rating shall be as follows :—

1. Knowledge.

(1) The applicant shall pass an examination (which shall include practical tests) in the following subjects :—

(a) aviation law:

(b) flight operation ;

(d) meteorology ;

(e) interpretation of signals given in the morse code.

(2) The examination in the foregoing subjects shall be based on such syllabus as may be prescribed from time to time.

2. Experience.

The applicant shall have completed—

(a) not less than 150 hours of flight time as pilot in command, including not less than 50 hours of cross-country flight time by day ; and

(b) not less than 40 hours of instrument time, of which not more than 20 hours may have been instrument ground time, or

(c) if he has satisfactorily completed a course of approved training, not less than 30 hours of instrument time, of which not more than 10 hours may have been instrument ground time.

3. Skill.

(1) The applicant shall demonstrate, in the course of instrumenttests with an official examiner on board, his competence to fly solely by reference to instruments and in accordance with the Instrument Flight Rules.

(2) The instrumenttests shall include problems of dead-reckoning navigation, fixing of position and let-down and approach procedures at an aero-drome selected by the official examiner, including the communication procedures necessary in the particular case.

4. Renewal of Rating.

The applicant shall undergo the instrumenttests specified in paragraph 3 above.

SCHEDULE II.

FLIGHT NAVIGATOR.

The requirements for a flight navigator's licence shall be as follows :—

1. Knowledge.

(1) The applicant shall pass an examination (which shall include practical tests) in the following subjects :—

(a) aviation law insofar as it affects the functions of a flight navigator ;

(b) flight navigation ;

(c) the calibration, adjustment and use of instruments and aircraft equipment used in flight navigation, including the interpretation of navigational aid identification signals ;

(d) meteorology.

(2) The examination in the foregoing subjects shall be based on such syllabus as may be prescribed from time to time.

2. Experience.

(1) The applicant shall have completed not less than 200 hours of air navigation experience in cross-country , of which 50 hours shall have been flownduring the twelve months immediately preceding the date of application for the licence, and including not less than 50 hours cross-country flight by night, provided that—

(a) if the applicant has passed a flight navigator's course of approved training the foregoing requirements may be reduced to such extent as the Minister may think fit ;

(b) if the applicant is the holder of a certificate of competency as master or mate of an ocean-going vessel, the requirement of 200 hours specified above may be reduced to 150 hours ; and

(c) if the applicant has had experience as a pilot of public transport aircraft, one-half of such experience up to a maximum of 100 hours may be reckoned towards the requirement of 200 hours specified above.

(2) The applicant shall produce satisfactory evidence of having determined in flight his position by celestial observations not less than 25 times by day and not less than 25 times by night, and of having applied such observations to the navigation of the aircraft.

3. Skill.

The applicant shall demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Minister by the performance of suchtests as may be prescribed (including tests with an official examiner on board) his competence to navigate aircraft, by day and by night, by dead-reckoning, celestial and other navigational methods.

4. Renewal of Licence.

(a) Medical examination.—The applicant shall meet the medical requirements applicable to the grant of the licence as specified in Article 45 of this Order ;

(b) Recent experience.—The applicant shall produce satisfactory evidence that during the twelve months immediately preceding the application for renewal he has, while acting in the capacity of navigator not undertaking any other duties on board the aircraft—

(i) completed not less than 30 hours cross-country , of which not less than 5 hours shall have been flown by night ;

(ii) made not less than two flights of six hours each and involving the use of celestial navigation ;

(iii) made at least 6 celestial observations by day and 6 celestial observations by night and applied the results of such observations to the navigation of the aircraft.

SCHEDULE III.

FLIGHT ENGINEER.

The requirements for a flight engineer's licence shall be as follows :—

1. Knowledge.

(1) The applicant shall pass an examination in the following subjects :—

(a) aviation law insofar as it affects the functions of a flight engineer ;

(b) the theory of flight and aerodynamics ;

(d) general knowledge of aircraft operation and maintenance and a detailed knowledge of the manual or manuals relating to the type of aircraft for which the licence is sought, or one of similar characteristics ;

(e) methods of effecting, in flight, minor repairs, adjustments and replacements ;

(f) aircraft performance with respect to speed limitations and the procedure to be followed in case of emergency, particularly in the event of fire in the air or power plant failure ;

(g) flight planning based on loading and performance charts, centre of gravity computations, fuel consumption and engine power curves. Control of power output and the mathematical calculations involved ;

(h) general knowledge of varying meteorological conditions and their effect on power plant operation ;

(i) types of fuel and oil and fuelling procedure ;

(j) the preparation of reports, illustrated by sketches, if necessary, describing the replacement or repair required in case of damage.

(2) The examination in the foregoing subjects shall be based on such syllabus as may be prescribed from time to time, and shall, to such extent as may be appropriate, have particular reference to the type of aircraft for which the licence is sought.

2. Experience.

The applicant shall have had not less than 50 hours experience in flight engineering duties on board an aircraft of the type for which the licence is sought, or one of similar characteristics, during the twelve months immediately preceding the date of application.

3. Skill.

The applicant shall demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Minister in the course of atest with an official examiner on board in an aircraft of the type for which the licence is sought, or one of similar characteristics, his competence in the duties of a flight engineer, his practical knowledge of emergency procedures and his competence to take appropriate action in the event of any power plant failure, particularly during take-offs and landings.

4. Additional Ratings.

An applicant for an additional rating shall meet the requirements of paragraph 2 above, shall undergo a test in conformity with paragraph 3 above, and shall undergo an examination in such of the subjects specified in paragraph 1 above as the Minister may in the particular case require.

5. Renewal of Licence.

(a) Medical examination.—The applicant shall meet the medical requirements applicable to the grant of the licence as specified in Article 49 of this Order ;

(b) Recent experience.—The applicant shall produce evidence that he has had, during the twelve months immediately preceding the date of application, satisfactory operational experience as flight engineer on board each of the types of aircraft for which the renewal is sought, and shall satisfy the Minister that he is familiar with all current information concerning the operating procedures for such aircraft.

SCHEDULE IV.

FLIGHT RADIO OPERATOR.

The requirements for flight radio operators' licences shall be as follows :—

1. Knowledge.

(1) Flight Radiotelephony Operator (Restricted).—The applicant shall pass an examination (which shall include practical tests) in the following subjects :—

(a) practical knowledge of radiotelephone operation and procedure:

(b) the sending correctly and receiving correctly of spoken messages by telephone apparatus ;

(c) the Radio Regulations annexed to the current International Telecommunication Convention applying to radiotelephone communications and specifically that part of those regulations relating to the safety of life ;

(d) the current communication procedures for air navigation services issued by the International Civil Aviation Organisation insofar as they apply to radiotelephony.

(2) Flight Radiotelephony Operator(Temporary) ; Flight Radiotelephony Operator (General).—The applicant shall pass an examination (which shall include practical tests) in the following subjects :—

(a) the elementary principles of radiotelephony ;

(b) detailed knowledge of the practical operation and adjustment of radiotelephone apparatus including visual pre-flight check of such apparatus ;

(d) the Radio Regulations annexed to the current International Telecommunication Convention applying to radiotelephone communications and specifically that part of those regulations relating to the safety of life ;

(e) the current communication procedures for air navigation services issued by the International Civil Aviation Organisation insofar as they apply to radiotelephony.

(3) Flight Radiotelegraphy Operator (Temporary) ; Flight Radiotelegraphy Operator.—The applicant shall pass an examination (which shall include practical tests) in the following subjects :—

(a) the general principles of electricity and the theory of radio ;

(b) the adjustment, maintenance and practical working of various types of radiotelegraph, radiotelephone and radio direction-finding apparatus, including accessory apparatus, used in the aeronautical mobile service ;

(d) the principles of operation of apparatus in general use in radio navigation ;

(e) the sending correctly, and receiving correctly by ear, in the Morse code, of messages in plain language at a speed of not less than 25 words per minute and in code groups at a speed of not less than 20 groups per minute ;

(f) the sending correctly and the receiving correctly of spoken messages by telephone apparatus ;

(g) the Radio Regulations annexed to the current International Telecommunications Convention applying to the exchange of radio communications and specifically that part of those regulations relating to the safety of life ;

(h) knowledge of the documents relating to the charges for radio communications ;

(i) the current communication procedures for air navigation services issued by the International Civil Aviation Organisation ;

(j) the principal air navigation routes and the most important telecommunication routes of the world.

2. Experience.

(1) Flight Radiotelephony Operator (Restricted) ; Flight Radiotelephony Operator (Temporary).—The applicant shall not be required to furnish evidence of radio experience.

(2) Flight Radiotelephony Operator (General).—The applicant shall furnish—

(a) satisfactory evidence that he has performed the duties of a temporary flight radiotelephony operator in flight under the provisions of a temporary licence for a period of not less than 25 hours during the twelve months immediately preceding the date of application ; or

(b) satisfactory evidence of such other experience as the Minister may, at his discretion, accept as being of equivalent value.

(3) Flight Radiotelegraphy Operator (Temporary).—The applicant shall not be required to furnish evidence of radio experience.

(4) Flight Radiotelegraphy Operator.—The applicant shall furnish satisfactory evidence that he has had—

(a) during the two years immediately preceding the date of application, not less than one year's radiotelegraphy operating experience, of a character approved by the Minister, in the aeronautical or maritime mobile service. Not less than four months of such experience shall have been obtained during the twelve months immediately preceding the date of application ; and

(b) not less than 25 hours in the performance of the duties of a temporary flight radiotelegraphy operator in flight under the provisions of his temporary licence during the twelve months immediately preceding the date of application ; or

(c) satisfactory evidence of such other experience as the Minister may at his discretion accept as being of equivalent value to that specified in subparagraphs (4) (a) and (4) (b) above.

3. Special Endorsement.

The holder of a flight radio operator's licence who desires an endorsement of his licence in respect of a special radio communication or radio navigation system, not covered in the basic examination for the grant of the licence, will be required to satisfy the Minister for Posts and Telegraphs as to his competence on such system or systems and shall for that purpose pass such examinations and tests (which may include an examination in elementary air navigation) as the said Minister may require.

4. Renewal of Licence.

(1) Medical examination.—The applicant shall meet the medical requirements applicable to the grant of the licence as specified in Article 55 of this Order.

(2) Recent experience.—An applicant for the renewal of a flight radiotelephony operator's licence (general), or a flight radiotelegraphy operator's licence shall produce satisfactory evidence that he has acted as flight radio operator in flight for an aggregate of not less than 15 hours in the case of a flight radiotelephony operator (general), and 25 hours in the case of a flight radiotelegraphy operator during the twelve months immediately preceding the date of, application for renewal.

SCHEDULE V.

AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER.

The requirements for an aircraft maintenance engineer's licence shall be as follows :—

Category A.

1. Knowledge.

(1) The applicant shall pass an examination (which may include practical tests) in the following subjects :—

(a) aviation law insofar as it affects the functions of an aircraft maintenance engineer ;

(b) practical arithmetic ;

(d) the principles of construction, assembly, functioning, maintenance, functional testing and inspection of aircraft components, installations, systems and equipment, but excluding engines and installed radio equipment ;

(e) defect rectification ;

(f) the incorporation of minor modifications, replacements and repairs.

2. Experience.

The applicant shall have had not less than 3 years' practical aeronautical engineering experience, including not less than 18 months' experience on practical maintenance or inspection of airframes prior to flight, of which not less than 12 months shall have been recent experience on either—

(a) the type of aircraft for which the licence is sought, or

(b) an aircraft of a type similar in constructional characteristics,

provided that in case (b) the applicant shall also have undergone satisfactorily a course of instruction approved by the Minister on the type of aircraft for which the licence is sought.

3. Additional Ratings.

An applicant for an additional rating shall—

(a) furnish satisfactory evidence that he has had satisfactory recent experience in the practical maintenance or inspection of airframes prior to flight of either—

(i) the type of aircraft for which the additional rating is sought, or

(ii) an aircraft of a type similar in constructional characteristics,

provided that in case (ii) the applicant shall also have undergone satisfactorily a course of instruction approved by the Minister on the type of aircraft for which the additional rating is sought ;

(b) pass an examination in such of the subjects specified in paragraph 1 above as the Minister may in the particular case require.

Category B.

4. Knowledge.

(1) The applicant shall pass an examination (which may include practical tests) in the following subjects :—

(a) aviation law insofar as it affects the functions of an aircraft maintenance engineer ;

(b) elementary physics ;

(d) the principles and methods of construction, assembly, functioning, repair, modification, overhaul, testing, approval and inspection of aircraft components, installations, systems and equipment, but excluding installed engines and installed radio equipment ;

(e) workshop processes associated with aircraft component fabrication ;

(f) knowledge of the physical testing and examination of materials ;

(g) weight and balance computations.

5. Experience.

(1) Subject to the provisions of subparagraphs (2) and (3) of this paragraph, the applicant shall have had—

(a) not less than 4 years' practical aeronautical engineering experience, including not less than 2 years' recent experience on practical overhaul or repair of airframes, of which not less than 12 months shall have been experience on either—

(i) the type of aircraft for which the licence is sought, or

(ii) an aircraft of a type similar in constructional characteristics,

provided that in case (ii) the applicant shall also have undergone satisfactorily a course of instruction approved by the Minister on the type of aircraft for which the licence is sought ;

(b) not less than 2 years' (in addition to the 4 years specified in (a) above) experience on inspection of the fabrication of materials into airframe parts and components, of which a satisfactory period shall have been on the inspection, physical testing, heat treatment and processes for the prevention of corrosion of aeronautical materials.

(2) The period of 4 years specified in subparagraph (1) (a) above may at the discretion of the Minister be reduced if the applicant has undergone satisfactorily a course of training approved by the Minister.

(3) The period of 2 years specified in subparagraph (1) (b) above shall not be required if the licence is to exclude the certification of the fabrication of components and parts and the materials used therefor.

6. Additional Ratings.

An applicant for an additional rating shall—

(a) furnish satisfactory evidence that he has had satisfactory recent experience in the practical overhaul or repair of airframes of either—

(i) the type of aircraft for which the additional rating is sought, or

(ii) an aircraft of a type similar in constructional characteristics,

provided that in case (ii) the applicant shall also have undergone satisfactorily a course of instruction approved by the Minister on the type of aircraft for which the additional rating is sought ;

(b) pass an examination in such of the subjects specified in paragraph 4 above as the Minister may in the particular case require.

Category C.

7. Knowledge.

(1) The applicant shall pass an examination (which may include practical tests) in the following subjects :—

(a) aviation law insofar as it affects the functions of an aircraft maintenance engineer ;

(b) the principles of aero-engine construction and operation including accessories ;

(c) maintenance, inspection, functional testing and methods of repair of aero-engines including components and accessories ;

(d) knowledge of the fuel, oil, coolant and ignition systems ;

(e) inspection of propellers ;

(f) inspection of power plant after installation, repair or modification ;

(g) defect rectification.

8. Experience.

The applicant shall have had not less than 3 years' practical aeronautical engineering experience, including not less than 18 months' experience on practical maintenance or inspection of aero-engines prior to flight, of which not less than 12 months shall have been recent experience on either—

(a) the type of aero-engine for which the licence is sought, or

(b) an aero-engine of a type similar in constructional characteristics,

provided that in case (b) the applicant shall also have undergone satisfactorily a course of instruction approved by the Minister on the type of aero-engine for which the licence is sought.

9. Additional Ratings.

An applicant for an additional rating shall—

(a) furnish satisfactory evidence that he has had satisfactory recent experience in the practical maintenance or inspection of aero-engines prior to flight of either—

(i) the type of aero-engine for which the additional rating is sought, or

(ii) an aero-engine of a type similar in constructional characteristics,

provided that in case (ii) the applicant shall also have undergone satisfactorily a course of instruction approved by the Minister on the type of aero-engine for which the additional rating is sought ;

(b) pass an examination in such of the subjects specified in paragraph 7 above as the Minister may in the particular case require.

Category D.

10. Knowledge.

(1) The applicant shall pass an examination (which may include practical tests) in the following subjects :—

(a) aviation law insofar as it affects the functions of an aircraft maintenance engineer ;

(b) elementary physics ;

(d) the principles and methods of construction, assembly, functioning, repair, modification, overhaul, testing, inspection and approval of aero-engines including components, systems and accessories ;

(e) workshop processes associated with component fabrication ;

(f) knowledge of the physical testing and examination of materials.

11. Experience.

(1) Subject to the provisions of subparagraph (2) and (3) of this paragraph, the applicant shall have had—

(a) not less than 4 years' practical aeronautical engineering experience, including not less than 2 years' recent experience on the practical overhaul or repair of aero-engines, of which not less than 12 months shall have been experience on either—

(i) the type of aero-engine for which the licence is sought, or

(ii) an aero-engine of a type similar in constructional characteristics,

provided that in case (ii) the applicant shall also have undergone satisfactorily a course of instruction approved by the Minister on the type of aero-engine for which the licence is sought ;

(b) not less than 2 years' (in addition to the 4 years specified in (a) above) experience on inspection of the fabrication of materials into aero-engine parts and components, of which a satisfactory period shall have been on the inspection, physical testing, heat treatment, and processes for the prevention of corrosion of aeronautical materials.

12. Additional Ratings.

An applicant for an additional rating shall—

(a) furnish satisfactory evidence that he has had satisfactory recent experience in the practical overhaul or repair of aero-engines of either—

(i) the type of aero-engine for which the additional rating is sought, or

(ii) an aero-engine of a type similar in constructional characteristics.

(b) pass an examination in such of the subjects specified in paragraph 10 above as the Minister may in the particular case require.

Category X (1)—Compasses.

13. Knowledge.

(1) The applicant shall pass an examination (which may include practical tests) in the following subjects :—

(a) aviation law insofar as it affects the functions of an aircraft maintenance engineer ;

(b) elementary physics ;

(c) the principles of construction of aircraft compasses and the methods and procedures for the inspection and approval of the installation and compensation of compasses in aircraft.

14. Experience.

(1) If the application relates to direct-reading magnetic compasses, the applicant shall have had not less than 6 months' recent practical experience in the installation and compensation of direct-reading magnetic compasses in aircraft.

(2) If the application relates to remote-reading compasses, the applicant shall have had, in addition to the experience specified in subparagraph (1) of this paragraph, not less than 6 months' recent practical experience in the installation and compensation in aircraft of the type of remote-reading compass for which the licence is sought.

15. Additional Ratings.

An applicant for a rating to cover an additional type of remote-reading compass shall—

(a) furnish satisfactory evidence that he has had—

(i) not less than 3 months' recent practical experience on the installation and compensation of the type for which the additional rating is sought, and

(ii) adequate experience in the installation and compensation of compasses in aircraft, including practical experience during the 6 months immediately preceding the date of application for the additional rating ;

(b) pass an examination in such of the subjects specified in paragraph 13 above as the Minister may in the particular case require.

Category X (2)—ignition equipment.

16. Knowledge.

(1) The applicant shall pass an examination (which may include practical tests) in the following subjects :—

(a) aviation law insofar as it affects the functions of an aircraft maintenance engineer ;

(b) elementary physics ;

(c) the principles of construction, and methods and procedures for inspection and approval of the repair, overhaul, modification and functional testing, of aircraft ignition equipment.

(2) The examination in the foregoing subjects shall be based on such syllabus as may be prescribed from time to time.

17. Experience.

The applicant shall have had not less than 4 years' electrical engineering experience, including not less than 2 years' recent practical experience on the overhaul, repair and testing of all types of aero-engine ignition apparatus.

Category X (3)—variable-pitch propellors.

18. Knowledge.

(1) The applicant shall pass an examination (which may include practical tests) in the following subjects :—

(a) aviation law insofar as it relates to the functions of an aircraft maintenance engineer ;

(b) practical arithmetic ;

(c) the principles of construction, and methods and procedures for the inspection and approval of the repair, overhaul, modification and functional testing, of variable-pitch propellors and associated components ;

(d) workshop processes associated with component fabrication ;

(e) knowledge of the physical testing and examination of materials.

(2) The examination in the foregoing subjects shall be based on such syllabus as may be prescribed from time to time.

19. Experience.

The applicant shall have had not less than 3 years' practical engineering experience, including not less than 18 months' recent practical experience on the overhaul, repair and balancing of variable-pitch propellors, of which not less than 6 months shall have been on the overhaul or repair of the type for which the licence is sought.

Category X (4)—instruments.

20. Knowledge.

(1) The applicant shall pass an examination (which may include practical tests) in the following subjects :—

(a) aviation law insofar as it affects the functions of an aircraft maintenance engineer ;

(b) elementary physics ;

(c) the principles of construction, and methods and procedures for the inspection and approval of the repairs, overhaul, modification and testing, of aircraft instruments (including aero-engine instruments) and associated equipment ;

(d) knowledge of materials used in the construction of instruments in aircraft (including aero-engine instruments).

(2) The examination in the foregoing subjects shall be based on such syllabus as may be prescribed from time to time.

21. Experience.

(1) The applicant shall have had not less than 3 years' instrument engineering experience, including not less than 18 months' recent practical experience in the overhaul, repair, calibration and installation in aircraft of all types of physically and mechanically operated aircraft and aero-engine instruments.

(2) If the licence is to include a rating for electrically operated instruments the applicant shall, in addition to having the experience specified in subparagraph (1) of this paragraph, either—

(a) be the holder of a current licence in Category X (5) Electrical Equipment and have had not less than 6 months' recent practical experience in the overhaul, repair or modification of electrically operated aircraft and aero-engine instruments, or

(b) have had not less than 1 year of recent practical experience on the overhaul, repair or modification of electrically operated aircraft and aero-engine instruments.

22. Additional Ratings.

An applicant for an additional rating to cover electrically operated instruments shall—

(a) meet the requirements specified in subparagraph (2) of paragraph 21 above ;

(b) pass an examination in such of the subjects specified in paragraph 20 above as the Minister may in the particular case require.

Category X (5)—Electrical Equipment.

23. Knowledge.

(1) The applicant shall pass an examination (which may include practical tests) in the following subjects :—

(a) aviation law insofar as it affects the functions of an aircraft maintenance engineer ;

(b) elementary physics ;

(c) the principles of construction, and methods and procedures for the the inspection and approval of the repair, overhaul, modification and functional testing, of aircraft electrical equipment ;

(d) knowledge of materials used in the construction of electrical equipment in aircraft.

(2) The examination in the foregoing subjects shall be based on such syllabus as may be prescribed from time to time.

24. Experience.

The applicant shall have had not less than 4 years' electrical engineering experience, including not less than 18 months' recent practical experience in the installation, overhaul, repair and testing of aircraft electrical equipment, including recent experience in the inspection and testing of electrical installations in aircraft.

Category X (6)—Automatic Pilots.

25. Knowledge.

(1) The applicant shall pass an examination (which may include practical tests) in the following subjects :—

(a) aviation law insofar as it affects the functions of an aircraft maintenance engineer ;

(b) elementary physics ;

(d) methods and procedures for the inspection and approval of the repair, overhaul, modification and functional testing of automatic pilots and associated equipment, and associated workshop processes.

26. Experience.

The applicant shall have had not less than 3 years' instrument engineering experience, including not less than 18 months' practical experience on the repair, modification, calibration, installation and testing of automatic pilots, of which not less than 9 months shall have been recent experience on the type of automatic pilot for which the licence is sought.

27. Additional Ratings.

An applicant for a rating to cover an additional type of automatic pilot shall—

(a) furnish satisfactory evidence that he has had either—

(i) not less than 6 months' recent practical experience on the type for which the additional rating is sought or

(ii) not less than 3 months' recent practical experience on the type for which the additional rating is sought and has satisfactorily passed a course of instruction approved by the Minister ;

(b) pass an examination in such of the subjects specified in paragraph 25 above as the Minister may in the particular case require.

28. Renewal of Licence.

Every applicant for the renewal of an aircraft maintenance engineer's licence shall satisfy the Minister that in the 12 months immediately preceding the date of application for renewal he has had satisfactory experience in the exercise of the privileges of his licence. For the purpose of so satisfying the Ministes the applicant shall produce evidence of his experience in each of the categorier in which he holds a rating.

SCHEDULE VI.

LOGGING OF FLIGHT TIME.

Entries in pilots' log books shall be made as follows :—

1. Each flight shall be entered separately, provided that if a number of flights is carried out on the same day and the aircraft returns on each occasion to the same place of departure, and the interval between successive flights does not exceed thirty minutes, the series of flights may be entered as a single flight commencing at the time of departure of the first flight and ending at the time of arrival of the last flight, the total flight time during the intervening period being entered as the total duration of such single flight.

2. Subject to the proviso in the preceding paragraph the flight time of each flight shall be shown by entries giving the time of departure and the time of arrival in each case.

3. A licensed pilot who is :—

(a) in sole charge of the aircraft, or

(b) pilot in command of the aircraft if more than one pilot is carried, shall record the total flight time as " pilot in command. "

4.—(1) A licensed pilot who is acting under the pilot in command in the capacity of co-pilot shall record :—

(a) such portion of the total flight time during which he acted in that capacity as determined by the pilot in command ;

(b) the name of the pilot in command under whom he so acted.

(2) Flight time recorded as co-pilot shall be certified by the signature of the pilot in command opposite the entry in the log book recording such flight time.

5. A licensed pilot undergoing a course of training or flying under supervision, and an unlicensed person flying in accordance with the provisions of Article 10 of this Order, shall record :—

(a) if he is in sole charge of the aircraft, the total flight time as " pilot in command " ;

(b) if he is not in sole charge of the aircraft :—

(i) the actual period during the flight in which he was at the controls and engaged in piloting the aircraft, as determined by the pilot in command ;

(ii) the entry " training flight, " " under supervision," " pupil under instruction, " or " official flying test, " as appropriate ;

(iii) the name of the pilot in command.

6. If two pilots share the piloting of an aircraft, each acting as pilot during particular periods of the flight and neither being under the supervision of the other, each pilot shall record the total time during which he acted as pilot and shall make an entry indicating that the piloting of the aircraft was shared.

SCHEDULE VII.

MEDICAL REQUIREMENTS.

General.

1. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 3 of this Schedule, an applicant for the grant or renewal of a licence to act in any capacity as a flight crew member of an aircraft shall meet the appropriate medical requirements set out herein, provided that :—

(a) an applicant who fails to satisfy the appropriate medical requirements may, at the discretion of the Minister, be regarded as eligible for the grant or renewal of a licence if the licence is to be restricted to flight within the State. The grant or renewal of any licence to be so restricted may be made subject to such conditions and limitations as the Minister may consider appropriate in the particular case ;

(b) if an applicant for the renewal of a licence is for the time being on duty as a flight crew member of an aircraft in a region distant from the usual place of medical examination, the medical examination which he should normally pass for the renewal of the licence may exceptionally, at the discretion of the Minister—

(i) be deferred once for a period of six months in the case of a flight crew member of a private aircraft ; or

(ii) be deferred for two consecutive periods of three months each in the case of a flight crew member of a public transport or aerial work aircraft, on condition that the applicant obtains locally on each occasion a satisfactory medical certificate after having been examined by a qualified medical officer.

2. Every applicant who presents himself for medical examination for the grant or renewal of a licence shall furnish to the medical examiner or medical board, as the case may be, a declaration signed by himself stating whether he has previously undergone such a medical examination and if so when and with what result. A false declaration may entail the cancellation of any licence granted or renewed as a result of the examination.

3.—(1) An applicant for the grant or renewal of an instrument rating who is the holder of a private or commercial pilot's licence shall be required to satisfy Hearing Requirement No. 1.

(2) Where an applicant for the grant or renewal of a licence or for the inclusion in a licence or the renewal of a rating for which Hearing Requirement No. 1 is required fails to satisfy that requirement the licence or rating may nevertheless be granted, included or renewed, as the case may be, if the applicant either—

(a) satisfies Hearing Requirement No. 2 ; or

(b) demonstrates his ability, under practical or simulated practical conditions, to receive accurately, spoken messages by radiotelephony in a complex noise background of an intensity level of not less than 100 decibels, the intensity level of the spoken messages being 8 decibels above the intensity level of the background noise ;

and the Minister is satisfied that such applicant is, by reason of his experience in radio reception, competent to perform the duties for which the licence or rating is sought.

Physical Requirements.

4. Physical Requirement No. 1—The medical examination and assessment shall be based on the following requirements of mental and physical fitness :—

The applicant shall be required to have adequate functional use of his four limbs and to be free from any active or latent, acute or chronic, physical disability, that would entail any degree of functional incapacity which isconsidered by the medical examiner likely to interfere with the safe handling of an aircraft at any altitude throughout a prolonged or difficult flight.

The medical examination shall include a full enquiry into the family and personal history of the applicant. The information obtained shall be given in a statement made and signed by him and shall be taken into consideration by the medical examiner.

Examination of the nervous system—The applicant shall have no history of significant mental or nervous trouble. He shall be required to be free from any mental impairment, pathological tremor, or presumptive evidence of latent epilepsy. He shall be required to be free from any progressive disease of the nervous system and from any non-progressive disease of that system, the effects of which are considered by the medical examiner to be of sufficient degree as likely to interfere with the safe handling of an aircraft. Cases in which syphilis, past or present, has affected the central nervous system shall be assessed as permanently unfit.

Injuries of the head—Cases of simple concussion, or simple fracture of the skull without associated intracranial injury shall be assessed as temporarily unfit for a period of not less than two months from the date of the concussion or fracture. When the licence is renewed, it shall be made valid only for a period of two months in the first instance. Thereafter its validity shall be restricted to consecutive periods of two months until the medical examiner reports he has good reason to presume that the after-effects of the concussion or fracture are no longer likely to cause a sudden incapacity in flight.

Cases of head injury associated with intracranial injuries shall be assessed as permanently unfit if a local lesion of the brain persists.

Cases of head injury in which there has been an operation on the skull with loss of bony substance involving the two tables of the cranial vault shall be assessed as permanently unfit.

Cases of head injury associated with a lesion of the dura mater shall be assessed as permanently unfit even if a bone graft has been done.

General surgical examination—The applicant shall neither suffer from any wound, or injury, nor have undergone any operation, nor possess any abnormality, congenital or acquired, which is considered by the medical examiner likely to interfere with the safe handling of an aeroplane at any altitude throughout a prolonged or difficult flight. He shall be required to be completely free from hernia.

Cases in which there is any significant anatomical or functional lesion in the walls of any part of the digestive tract, any stricture, any calculus or foreign body, any significant peritoneal lesion, established by clinical or laboratory examinations, shall be assessed as unfit. An applicant who has undergone a major surgical operation on the biliary passages or the digestive tract, except for appendicitis, which has involved a total or partial excision or a diversion of any of these organs shall be assessed as unfit unless a period of one year has elapsed since the surgical operation and the effects of the operation are not considered liable to cause sudden incapacity in the air, provided that this period of one year may be shortened on the production of an attestation made by a surgeon having knowledge of the nature of the disease which necessitated the operation, certifying that no immediate or future after-effects are to be feared.

General medical examination—The applicant shall not suffer from any disease or disability which renders him liable suddenly to become unable to handle aircraft safely.

The heart shall be normal. Cases in which there is arrhythmia associated with a liability to giddiness shall be assessed as unfit. Respiratory arrhythmia, occasional extra systoles which disappear on exercise, increase of pulse rate from excitement or exercise, or a slow pulse not associated with auriculoventricular dissociation may be regarded as coming within " normal " limits.

The systolic and diastolic blood pressures shall be within normal limits

There shall be no signs of aneurysm of the large arterial trunks.

There shall be no acute disability of the lungs nor any active disease or structures of the lungs, mediastinum or pleura. In the case of an examination for the first grant of a licence, radioscopy shall form a part of the chest examination. Radiography shall form a part of the medical examination in all doubtful clinical cases.

Cases of active pulmonary tuberculosis, however diagnosed, shall be assessed as unfit. Cases of quiescent or healed lesions which are known to be tuberculous, or are presumably tuberculous, in origin may be assessed as fit. Cases of doubt about the activity of a lesion, where symptoms of activity of the disease are lacking, clinically, shall be assessed as temporarily unfit for a period of not less than three months from the date of the medical examination. At the end of the three months' period, a further radiographic record shall be made and compared carefully with the original. If there is no sign of extension of the disease and there are no general symptoms nor symptoms referable to the chest, the applicant may be assessed as fit but where the licence is renewed in these circumstances it shall be made valid only for a period of three months in the first instance. Thereafter, provided there continues to be no sign of extension of the disease as shown by radiographic examinations carried out at the end of each three months' period, the validity of the licence shall be restricted to consecutive periods of three months. When the applicant has been under observation under this scheme for a total period of at least two years and comparison of all the radiographic records shows no changes or only retrogression of the lesion, the lesion shall be regarded as " quiescent " or " healed. "

Cases of pulmonary emphysema shall not be assessed as unfit unless the condition is causing symptoms.

Cases of disease of, or of significant impairment of, the functioning of the liver, biliary passages or pancreas shall be assessed as unfit. Cases of diabetes shall also be assessed as unfit.

Cases of severe and moderate enlargement of the spleen persistently below the costal margin shall be assessed as unfit. Cases of generalized enlargement of the lymphatic glands and of diseases of the blood shall be assessed as unfit ; those due to a transient condition may be assessed as temporarily unfit.

Cases presenting any signs of organic disease of the kidney shall be assessed as unfit ; those due to a transient condition may be assessed as temporarily unfit. The urine shall contain no pathological element. Cases of affections of the urinary passages and of the genital organs shall be assessed as unfit ; those due to transient condition may be assessed as temporarily unfit. Cases of tuberculous epididymitis, in its mild and localized form, may be assessed as fit.

An applicant for the first grant of a licence who has a personal history of syphilis shall be required to furnish evidence, satisfactory to the medical examiner, that he has undergone adequate treatment ; this evidence shall include the result of an examination of the blood and of the cerebrospinal fluid. An applicant showing any clinical signs of active syphilis shall be assessed as temporarily unfit for a period of not less than three months from the date of the medical examination. At the end of the three months period, provided the applicant furnishes proof, satisfactory to the medical examiner, that he has undergone adequate treatment in the interim and that the serological reaction for syphilis is negative, he may be assessed as fit but where a licence is issued or renewed in these circumstances it shall be made valid only for a period of three months in the first instance. Thereafter, provided serological reactions for syphilis continue to be negative at the end of each three months' period, the validity of the licence shall be restricted to consecutive periods of three months. When the applicant has been under observation under this scheme for a total period of at least three years and the serological reactions have continued to be negative, the restriction on the period of validity of the licence may be removed. In cases where the serological reaction for syphilis remains persistently positive, examinations of the cerebrospinal fluid at the end of each period of six months with negative results may be accepted in lieu of negative serological reactions at the end of each period of three months. Any evidence of syphilis of the central nervous system shall be confirmed by the result of an examination of the cerebrospinal fluid.

The cases of applicants of the female sex who have undergone gynaecological or other surgical operations shall be considered individually. In the event of presumed pregnancy the applicant shall be assessed as temporarily unfit until, at least, after the pregnancy has been terminated ; after confinement or miscarriage the applicant shall not be permitted to exercise the privileges of her licence until she has undergone a new medical examination and been assessed as fit.

Eye examination—There shall be no active pathological condition, acute or chronic, of either eye or adnexæ which is considered likely by the medical examiner to interfere with its proper function.

Ear examination—There shall be :—

(a) no active pathological process, acute or chronic, of the internal ear or middle ear cleft ;

(b) no unhealed (unclosed) perforation of the tympanic membrane ;

(d) no disturbances of the vestibular apparatus.

Nose, throat and mouth examination—There shall be free nasal air entry on both sides. There shall be no serious malformation nor serious, acute or chronic affection of the buccal cavity or upper respiratory tract.

5. Physical Requirement No. 2—The medical examination and assessment shall be based on the following requirements of mental and physical fitness :—

The applicant shall be required to be free from any congenital or acquired disability causing such degree of functional incapacity as is considered by the medical examiner likely to interfere, in the case of piloting, with the safe handling of the aircraft at any altitude throughout a prolonged or difficult flight or, in the case of flight crew members other than pilots, with the efficient performance of the duties carried out when exercising the privileges of the licence.

The medical examination shall include a full inquiry into the family and personal history of the applicant. The information obtained shall be given in a statement made and signed by him and shall be taken into consideration by the medical examiner.

Examination of the nervous system—The applicant shall have no history of significant mental or nervous trouble. He shall be required to be free from any disability of the nervous system considered by the medical examiner to be of such degree as likely to interfere with efficient function during prolonged flight. Cases in which syphilis, past or present, has affected the central nervous system shall be assessed as permanently unfit.

Cases of head injury associated with intracranial injuries shall be assessed as permanently unfit if a local lesion of the brain persists.

Cases of head injury in which there has been an operation on the skull with loss of bony substance involving the two tables of the cranial vault shall be assessed as permanently unfit.

Cases of head injury associated with a lesion of the dura mater shall be assessed as permanently unfit even if a bone graft has been done.

General surgical examination—The applicant shall neither suffer from any wound or injury, nor have undergone any operation, nor possess any abnormality, congenital or acquired, which is considered by the medical examiner likely to interfere with the efficient performance of the duties carried out when exercising the privileges of the licence.

General medical examination—The applicant shall not suffer from any disease or disability which renders him liable suddenly to become incompetent in the performance of the duties carried out when exercising the privileges of the licence.

There shall be no significant cardiovascular abnormality. The systolic and diastolic blood pressures shall be within normal limits.

There shall be no acute disability of the lungs nor any active disease of the structures of the lungs, mediastinum or pleura. In the case of an examination for the first grant of a licence, radioscopy shall form a part of the chest examination. Radiography shall form a part of the medical examination in all doubtful clinical cases.

Cases of disease of, or of significant impairment of, the functioning of the liver, biliary passages or pancreas shall be assessed as unfit. Cases of diabetes shall also be assessed as unfit.

The applicant shall be required to be free from disease of the urogenital tract.

The applicant for the first grant of a licence who has a personal history of syphilis shall be required to furnish evidence, satisfactory to the medical examiner, that he has undergone adequate treatment ; this evidence shall include the result of an examination of the blood and of the cerebrospinal fluid. An applicant showing any clinical signs of active syphilis shall be assessed as temporarily unfit for a period of not less than three months from the date of the medical examination. At the end of the three months' period, provided the applicant furnishes proof, satisfactory to the medical examiner, that he has undergone adequate treatment in the interim and that the serological reaction for syphilis is negative, he may be assessed as fitbut where a licence is issued or renewed in these circumstances it shall be made valid only for a period of three months in the first instance. Thereafter, provided serological reactions for syphilis continue to be negative at the end of each three months' period, the validity of the licence shall be restricted to consecutive periods of three months. When the applicant has been under observation under this scheme for a total period of at least three years and the serological reactions have continued to be negative, the restriction on the period of validity of the licence may be removed. In cases where the serological reaction for syphilis remains persistently positive, examinations of the cerebrospinal fluid at the end of each period of six months with negative results may be accepted in lieu of negative serological reactions at the end of each period of three months. Any evidence of syphilis of the central nervous system shall be confirmed by the result of an examination of the cerebrospinal fluid.

The cases of applicants of the female sex who have undergone gynæcological or other surgical operations shall be considered individually. In the event of presumed pregnancy the applicant shall be assessed as temporarily unfit until, at least, after the pregnancy has been terminated ; after confinement or miscarriage the applicant shall not be permitted to exercise the privileges of her licence until she has undergone a new medical examination and been assessed as fit.

Eye examination—There shall be no active pathological condition, acute or chronic, of either eye or adnexæ which is considered likely by the medical examiner to interfere with its proper function.

Ear examination—There shall be :—

(a) no active pathological process, acute or chronic, of the internal ear or middle ear cleft ;

(b) no unhealed (unclosed) perforation of the tympanic membrane ;

(d) no disturbance of the vestibular apparatus.

6. Physical Requirement No. 3—The medical examination and assessment shall be based on the following requirements of mental and physical fitness :—

The applicant shall be required to be free from any congenital or acquired disability causing such degree of functional incapacity as is considered by the medical examiner likely to interfere with the safe handling of the aircraft under ordinary conditions or, in the case of flight crew members other than pilots, with the efficient performance of the duties carried out when exercising the privileges of the licence.

An applicant who has undergone a major surgical operation on the biliary passages or the digestive tract, except for appendicitis, which has involved a total or partial excision or a diversion of any of these organs, shall beassessed as unfit unless a period of one year has erapsed since the surgical operation and the effects of the operation are not considered liable to cause sudden incapacity, provided that this period of one year may be shortened on the production of an attestation made by a surgeon, having knowledge of the nature of the disease which necessitated the operation, certifying that no immediate or future after-effects are to be feared.

There shall be no significant cardiovascular abnormality. The systolic and diastolic blood pressures should be within normal limits.

There shall be no acute disability of the lungs nor any active disease of the structures of the lungs, mediastinum or pleura.

Cases showing significant impairment of function of the liver, the biliary passages, or the pancreas shall be assessed as unfit. Cases of diabetes shall also be assessed as unfit.

The applicant shall be required to be free from disease of the urogenital tract.

An applicant for the first grant of a licence who has a personal history of syphilis shall be required to furnish evidence, satisfactory to the medical examiner, that he has undergone adequate treatment ; this evidence shall include the result of an examination of the blood and of the cerebrospinal fluid. An applicant showing any clinical signs of active syphilis shall be assessed as temporarily unfit for a period of not less than three months from the date of the medical examination. At the end of the three months' period, provided the applicant furnishes proof, satisfactory to the medical examiner, that he has undergone adequate treatment in the interim and that the serological reaction for syphilis is negative, he may be assessed as fit but where a licence is issued or renewed in these circumstances it shall be made valid only for a period of three months in the first instance. Thereafter, provided serological reactions for syphilis continue to be negative at the end of each three months' period, the validity of the licence shall be restricted to consecutive periods of three months. When the applicant has been under observation under this scheme for a total period of at least three years and the serological reactions have continued to be negative, the restriction on the periods of validity of the licence may be removed. In cases where the serological reaction for syphilis remains persistently positive, examinations of the cerebrospinal fluid at the end of each period of six months with negative results may be accepted in lieu of negative serological reactions at the end of each period of three months. Any evidence of syphilis of the central nervous system shall be confirmed by the result of an examination of the cerebrospinal fluid.

Eye examination—There shall be no active pathological condition, acute or chronic, of either eye or adnexæ which is considered likely by the medical examiner to interfere with its proper function.

Ear examination—There shall be :—

(a) no active pathological process, acute or chronic, of the internal ear or middle ear cleft ;

(b) no obstruction of the Eustachian tubes ;

Visual Requirements.

Visual acuity shall be measured by means of a series of optotypes of Landholt, or similar optotypes, illuminated at not less than twelve lux and not more than twenty lux, and placed at a distance of twenty feet from the applicant.

7. Visual Requirement No. 1—The applicant shall be required to have :—

(a) a visual acuity of at least 20/30 (6/9, ·7) in each eye separately, without correction ; provided that if the vision in either or both eyes is less than 20/30 (6/9, ·7) but not less than 20/60 (6/18, ·3) and can be brought up to 20/20 (6/6, 1) or better in each eye by glasses, the applicant may be assessed fit upon condition that correcting glasses be worn while exercising the privileges of the licence ;

(b) not more than + 2·25 dioptres of hypermetropia, in case of an applicant for the initial grant of a licence ;

(d) not more than 10 dioptres of esophoria ;

(e) not more than 5 dioptres of exophoria ;

(f) an accommodation of at least V = 1·00 at 12 inches with each eye separately without the use of correcting lenses, provided that where the applicant is over forty years of age, and already hold a licence, correcting glasses may be used to provide the same character of near vision ;

(g) normal fields of vision.

8. Visual Requirement No. 2—The applicant shall be required to have :—

(a) a visual acuity of at least 20/40 (6/12, ·5) in each eye separately, without correction provided that :

(i) in the case of an applicant for the first grant of a licence, if the vision in either or both eyes is less than 20/40 (6/12, ·5) but not less than 20/80 (6/24, ·25) and can be brought up to 20/20 (6/6, 1) or better in each eye by glasses, the applicant may be assessed as fit upon condition that correcting glasses are worn while exercising the privileges of the licence ; and

(ii) in the case of an applicant for the renewal of a licence, if the vision in either or both eyes is less than 20/40 (6/12, ·5) but not less than 20/200 (6/60, ·1) and can be brought up to 20/30 (6/9, ·7) or better in each eye by glasses, the applicant may be assessed as fit upon condition that correcting glasses are worn while exercising the privileges of the licence and that a second set of correcting glasses is carried on his person ;

(b) normal fields of vision, due allowance being made, where errors of refraction exist, for those areas not covered by the correcting lenses.

9. Visual Requirement No. 3—The applicant shall be required to have :—

(a) a visual acuity of at least 20/40 (6/12, ·5) in each eye separately without correction, provided that if the vision in either or both eyes is less than 20/40 (6/12, ·5) but not less than 20/200 (6/60, ·1 and can be brought up to 20/30 (6/9, ·7) or better in each eye by glasses, the applicant may be assessed as fit upon condition that correcting glasses are worn while exercising the privileges of the licence ;

(b) satisfactory ocular muscle balance ;

(c) normal fields of vision, due allowance being made, where errors of refraction exist, for those areas not covered by the correcting lenses.

Colour Perception Requirements.

The measurement of colour perception for Colour Perception Requirement No. I shall be made by means of pseudo-isochromatic plates or a suitable lantern. The measurement for Colour Perception Requirement No. 2 shall be made by means of a suitable lantern. When a lantern is used it should present the light, transmitted by coloured screens lighted at five lux, for one second and seen at a distance of twenty feet in an angle of three minutes.

10. Colour Perception Requirement No. 1—The applicant shall be required to have normal colour perception.

11. Colour Perception Requirement No. 2—The applicant shall be required to be able to distinguish easily signal red, signal green, and white.

Hearing Requirements.

The measurement of the auditory acuity in the first three requirements set out hereunder shall be made by means of a standard pure tone audiometer in a quiet room, that is, a room in which the intensity of the background noise is less than 50 decibels as measured by a sound level meter.

12. Hearing Requirement No. 1—The applicant shall be required not to have a loss in either ear of more than 20 decibels at any one of the four frequencies, 500, 1,000, 2,000 and 3,000 cycles per second.

13. Hearing Requirement No. 2—The applicant shall be required not to have a loss in either ear of more than 20 decibels at any one of the three frequencies, 500, 1,000 and 2,000 cycles per second nor of more than 40 decibels at the frequency of 3,000 cycles per second.

14. Hearing Requirement No. 3—The applicant shall be required not to have a loss in either ear of more than 40 decibels at any one of the three frequencies, 500, 1,000 and 2,000 Cycles per second.

15. Hearing Requirement No. 4—The applicant shall be required to be able to hear a conversational voice, using both ears and standing with his back towards the examiner, at a distance of ten feet from the examiner.

GIVEN under my Official Seal this 2nd day of February, 1951.

DANIEL MORRISSEY,

Minister for Industry and Commerce.